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Healthididdigar lafiyar hankali 2021

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Rashin lafiyar hankali da rikicewar amfani da abu ya shafi 13% na yawan mutanen duniya. Wannan adadi na iya ƙaruwa yayin da mutane a duk duniya ke fakewa kuma suna dacewa da sabon yanayi yayin yaduwar cutar coronavirus. A binciken mu na kasa akan lafiyar kwakwalwa da kwayar cutar kankara , mun gano cewa cutar ta COVID-19 ta shafi lafiyar hankali na 59% na mutane a Amurka. Yin watsi da ƙyamar da ke tattare da tabin hankali yana da mahimmanci a yanzu fiye da kowane lokaci. Statisticsididdigar kiwon lafiyar ƙwaƙwalwar da ke tafe suna nuna iyaka da tasirin rashin tabin hankali.

Menene cutar tabin hankali?

Rashin tabin hankali ya ƙunshi rukuni biyu-waɗanda ke tare da duk wata cuta ta tabin hankali (AMI) da wadanda suke tare mummunar cutar rashin hankali (SMI) , kodayake waɗannan ba sa bambanta.

AMI an bayyana ta Subungiyar Abuse da Servicesungiyar Kula da Lafiya ta Hauka (SAMHSA) a matsayin suna da duk wata cuta ta hankali, motsin rai, ko halayyar lafiyar da ta haɗu da Diagnostic da Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV) sharudda. Mutumin da ke da AMI an bayyana shi da kasancewa da SMI ta SAMHSA idan rikicewar sa ta tsangwama ko iyakance ɗaya ko fiye da manyan ayyukan rayuwa.

Wasu yanayin lafiyar hankali sun haɗa da:

Damuwa: Rashin damuwa na damuwa yana tattare da damuwa mai dorewa, tsoro, da damuwa wanda ke shafar rayuwar mutum ta yau da kullun.
Mawuyacin: Moodanƙancin yanayi, gajiya, da baƙin ciki sune manyan alamun alamun babban damuwa.
Abubuwa masu amfani da cuta: Yawan shan giya da / ko kwayoyi waɗanda ke rikitar da halayyar mutum a rayuwar yau da kullun.
Bipolar cuta: Cutar bipolar ta ƙunshi sauye-sauye masu tsattsauran ra'ayi a cikin halin ɓacin rai ko ƙanƙantar da hankali da kuma yanayin yanayi mai laushi wanda zai iya ɗaukar tsawon makonni.
Schizophrenia: Schizophrenia cuta ce ta yau da kullun da ta shafi ƙwaƙwalwa wacce ke shafar tunanin mutum, yadda yake ji, da halayen mutum
Rikicin cin abinci: Rashin cin abinci cuta ce da ke shafar alaƙar mutum da abinci da surar jikinsa.
Rashin hankali-mai rikitarwa (OCD): OCD cuta ce ta rashin lafiya, da daɗewa yayin da mutum yake fuskantar rashin hankali, mara iko, tunani mai maimaituwa tare da amsa halayya.
Rikicin post-traumatic stress (PTSD): PTSD cuta ce ci gaba a cikin wasu waɗanda suka sami matsala mai ban tsoro ko haɗari kuma suna da wahalar dawowa daga raunin da lamarin ya haifar.

Yaya yawan cutar tabin hankali?

Mutane miliyan 970 a duk duniya suna da lafiyar ƙwaƙwalwa ko rikicewar ƙwayoyi. (Duniyarmu a Bayanai, 2018)
Tashin hankali shine mafi yawan cututtukan ƙwaƙwalwa a duniya, wanda ke shafar mutane miliyan 284. (Duniyarmu a Bayanai, 2018)
A duk duniya, rashin tabin hankali ya fi shafar mata (11.9%) fiye da maza (9.3%). (Duniyarmu a Bayanai, 2018)
Babban baƙin ciki, damuwa, rikicewar amfani da giya, schizophrenia, rikicewar rikicewar cuta, da dysthymia (ci gaba mai sauƙi) an gano su a matsayin manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da nakasa a Amurka (US Burden of Diseala Collaborators, 2013)
Yawan mace-macen wadanda ke da tabin hankali ya fi na sauran jama'a girma, tare da asarar rayukan tsakiyar shekaru 10.1. ( JAMA Lafiya, 2015)
An kiyasta rikice-rikicen hankali an danganta su da 14.3% na mutuwar a duniya, ko kusan mutuwar miliyan 8 a kowace shekara. ( JAMA Lafiya, 2015)

Dangantaka:

Statisticsididdigar lafiyar ƙwaƙwalwa a duniya

Tashin hankali yana shafar mutane miliyan 284 a duniya.
Rashin hankali yana shafar mutane miliyan 264.
Rashin amfani da barasa ya shafi mutane miliyan 107.
Rikicin amfani da ƙwayoyi ya shafi mutane miliyan 71.
Cutar bipolar ta shafi mutane miliyan 46.
Schizophrenia ya shafi mutane miliyan 20.
Rikicin cin abinci ya shafi mutane miliyan 16.

Duniyarmu a cikin Bayanai, 2018

Statisticsididdigar lafiyar hankali a cikin Amurka

Fiye da kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu (26.3%) na manya daga shekara 18 zuwa 25 suna da wata cuta ta tabin hankali a cikin 2018.
Kusan 8% na manya daga shekaru 18 zuwa 25 shekaru suna da mummunar cutar rashin hankali a cikin 2018.
Rikicin damuwa yana shafar manya miliyan 40 a Amurka (18.1% na yawan jama'a) yana mai da su mafi yawan cututtukan hankali. (Xiungiyar Tashin hankali da Takaitawar Amurka)
Yawan mutanen da ke tsakanin 18 zuwa 25 shekaru da suka bayar da rahoton alamun da ke daidai da babban baƙin ciki ya ƙaru da 63% daga 2009 zuwa 2017. (Psychoungiyar Psychowararrun Americanwararrun Americanwararrun Amurka, 2019)

(SAMHSA, 2018)

Kula da lafiyar kwakwalwa

Maganin lafiyar hankali ya bambanta tsakanin nau'ikan rikice-rikicen hankali. Waɗanda ke neman magani ya kamata su tuntuɓi likita ko ƙwararrun masu tabin hankali don tattauna kewayon hanyoyin kwantar da hankali da magunguna waɗanda suka fi dacewa da su.

Jiyya na iya zama mai tsada, tare da tsadar magani da kuma dubban dubban daloli. Amurka ta kashe $ 187.8 biliyan a kan yanayin lafiyar hankali da rikicewar amfani da abu a cikin 2013. Biliyan saba'in na wannan kuɗin an kashe a maganin ɓacin rai shi kaɗai.

A cewar wani binciken da Lancet Psychiatry ya wallafa , jimlar kudin maganin damuwa da damuwa a cikin kasashe 36 na duniya baki daya an kiyasta ya kai dala biliyan 147 nan da shekarar 2030. Wannan kudin zai samar da fa'ida, bisa la'akari da kimantawa da karamin kyau na kashi 5% a cikin yawan aiki wanda ya haifar da dala biliyan 399 na tattalin arziki samu.

Shin inshora ya shafi ayyukan kiwon lafiyar kwakwalwa?

Duk tsare-tsaren inshorar lafiya na Kasuwa sun hada da lafiyar kwakwalwa da ayyukan cin zarafi, a cewar kiwon lafiya.gov . Waɗannan ayyuka sun haɗa da psychotherapy, shawara, sabis na marasa lafiya, da maganin rashin amfani da abu. Allyari, Shirye-shiryen Kasuwa ba zai iya hana ku ɗaukar hoto ba don samun yanayin lafiyar ƙwaƙwalwar da ta riga ta kasance.

Bugu da ƙari, Medicaid ita ce babbar mai biyan kuɗi don sabis na lafiyar hankali a Amurka.

Har zuwa ɗaukar lafiyar Medicare, Medicare Sashe na A yana rufe asibitoci, gami da shiga saboda matsalolin rashin hankalin, kuma Medicare B tana ɗaukar nauyin ziyarar lafiyar ƙwaƙwalwa. Ga cikakken jerin ayyukan da aka rufe .

ZUWA karatu wanda aka gudanar a shekara ta 2006 ya kiyasta matsakaicin caji, kuɗin da za a bayar da kulawa, da kuma adadin kuɗaɗen da aka sake biya don kula da masu tabin hankali a asibitocin al'umma 418 a Amurka.

Matsakaicin farashi don isar da magani ga waɗanda ke da Medicare:

Maganin Schizophrenia: $ 8,509 na kwanaki 11.1
Maganin rashin lafiya na Bipolar: $ 7,593 na kwanaki 9.4
Jiyya na ciki: $ 6,990 na kwanaki 8.4

Abin takaici, a cewar binciken na 2006, marasa lafiyar da ba su da inshora za su iya samun kulawar da ba ta dace ba. Lura cewa tsawon lokacin magani ga marasa lafiyan basu da inshora ya fi magani ga inshorar.

Matsakaicin farashi don sadar da magani ga waɗanda basu da inshora:

Maganin Schizophrenia: $ 5,707 na kwanaki 7.4
Bipolar cuta mai rikitarwa: $ 4,356 na kwanaki 5.5
Jiyya na ciki: $ 3,616 na kwanaki 4.4

(Ayyukan Lafiya, 2012)

Statisticsididdigar maganin lafiyar hankali

Binciken ƙasa game da Amfani da Magunguna da Lafiya ya bayyana ayyukan kiwon lafiya na ƙwaƙwalwa kamar karɓar marasa lafiya ko marasa lafiya ko ba da shawara ko shan magunguna don matsalolin lafiyar hankali.

15% na matasan Amurkawa (masu shekaru 18 zuwa 25) sun sami kulawar lafiyar hankali a cikin shekara guda. (SAMHSA, 2018)
Kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na ɗaliban kwaleji suna da matsalar rashin lafiya ta hankali kamar damuwa, ɓacin rai, da rashin amfani da giya. ( Ayyukan Psychological , 2020)
Mafi rinjaye (93%) na ɗalibai suna sane da ayyukan kan-harabar da ke da alaƙa da lafiyar hankali. (Psychoungiyar Psychowararrun Americanwararrun Amurkawa, 2018)
Kawai 13% na ɗaliban da ke da matsalar rashin tabin hankali suna amfani da albarkatun harabar-ɗalibai, kamar shawara. (Psychoungiyar Psychowararrun Americanwararrun Amurkawa, 2018)
Kasa da kashi ɗaya bisa uku na fararen samari basa karɓar sabis na lafiyar hankali, amma rabin samari marasa rinjaye basa karɓar kulawa da ake buƙata. (Allianceungiyar toasa don Ci gaban Lafiyar Hauka , 2007)
Fiye da rabin matasa waɗanda suka shiga cikin tsarin shari'a na yara sun cika ƙa'idodi na aƙalla cutar rashin tabin hankali, amma kawai kashi 15% daga cikinsu sun sami magani. (Ofishin Shari'ar Yara da Rigakafin Zalunci, 2017)

Magunguna da magunguna

Idan an gano ku tare da ɗayan yanayin lafiyar hankali na gaba, zaku iya amfani da waɗannan jagororin don ƙarin fahimtar hanyoyin zaɓin maganin da kuke samu da kuma kwatanta magungunan da aka saba da su. Koyaya, kadai wanda zai iya ƙayyade mafi kyawun magani a gare ku shine mai ba da lafiyar ku.

Tashin hankali
Bacin rai
Rashin hankali-mai rikitarwa (OCD)
Schizophrenia
Rikicin damuwa bayan tashin hankali (PTSD)
Cutar rashin lafiya
Rashin hankali na rashin kulawa da hankali (ADHD)

Magungunan kiwon lafiya

Idan kana fuskantar alamun rashin lafiya da tabin hankali da / ko tunanin kashe kansa, akwai taimako. Yi amfani da ƙungiyoyin tallafi masu zuwa da layin rayuwa don samun kulawar da kuke buƙata.