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Schizophrenia ƙididdigar 2021

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Kalmar schizophrenia ta fito ne daga asalin Girkanci, tare da schizo ma'anar tsagawa da phrene ma'anar hankali. Schizophrenia ya bambanta da rikicewar rikicewar rikicewa, wanda a baya aka sani da raunin ɗabi'ar mutum, wanda wannan ba daidai ba ne. Akwai alamomi da yawa na sihizophrenia, kuma mutane na iya fuskantar su ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Statisticsididdigar Schizophrenia ya nuna cewa rashin lafiyar mai tsanani yawanci yakan taso ne a lokacin da ya fara girma kuma kodayake alamun sun fi lalacewa a farkon yanayin, maganin schizophrenia yana da tasiri.

Menene schizophrenia?

Schizophrenia cuta ce ta yau da kullun da ta shafi ƙwaƙwalwa wacce ke shafar tunanin mutum, yadda yake ji, da halayen mutum. Wannan rikicewar yana shafar fahimtar mutum game da gaskiya, hulɗar zamantakewa, da tsarin tunani. Kwayar cutar schizophrenia sun hada da hango-wanda na iya zama na gani ko sauraro (ganin abubuwan da ba sa nan, jin muryoyi) - yawan zafin rai, rashin sanin makamar aiki da ke bayyana a matsayin hanyar da ba ta sabawa ba ta tunani ko kuma kalaman da ba a tsara su ba, da wahala a cikin zamantakewar jama'a. Masana kimiyya sun gano cewa wasu rashin daidaiton sinadarai a cikin kwakwalwa, dabi'un dabi'un halitta, da abubuwan da suka shafi muhalli kamar damuwar farko a rayuwa abubuwa ne dake tattare da cutar rashin hankali. Da manyan nau'ikan na schizophrenia sun hada da rashin hankali, schizophrenia na catatonic, schizophrenia wanda ba a banbanta shi ba, da kuma cutar rashin hankali.

Bincike ya nuna cewa hada abubuwa na zahiri, kwayar halitta, halayyar dan adam, da kuma yanayin muhalli na iya sa mutum kara saurin kamuwa da yanayin, in ji shi Judy Ho | , Ph.D., wani likitan ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa a California kuma mai watsa shiri na SuperCharged Life podcast. Yanayin yana gudana a cikin iyalai, amma babu kwayar halitta guda da aka gano ke da alhakin.

Schizophrenia bayyanar cututtuka

M bayyanar cututtuka sune waɗanda ke ɗaukar halaye ko matakai waɗanda ake ɗauka na al'ada. Melissa Mueller-Douglas , LMSW, mai ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali a jami'ar Rochester Medical Center's Strongarfafa iesarfafa Projectwararrun ACTwararrun ACTungiyar ACT sun bayyana waɗannan alamun:

Talauci na magana: Aramar magana ko bayar da gajeren martani ga tambayoyi.
Anhedonia: Rashin jin daɗi daga abubuwan da suka kasance suna jin daɗi, rage abubuwan sha'awa. Wannan yana haifar da raguwar shiga cikin zamantakewar mutum, yana shafar ingancin rayuwa.
Yana shafar kasawa: Ya rage ƙarfi sosai a cikin maganganun motsin rai. Wannan na iya shafar dangantakar mutum da dangi da abokai.
Rashin motsawa: Mutum ba shi da kwarin gwiwa na ciki don bin ayyukan yau da kullun, kamar su yin shiri da safe.

Alamomin cutar sikizophrenia na iya shafar kwararar rayuwar yau da kullun kamar su, ikonsu na aiki, da alaƙar aiki, ko kula da kansu, in ji Ho. Mutanen da ke da rikice-rikice na jihohi kusan koyaushe suna ganin ayyukansu na aikin yau da kullun sun faɗi kan hanya kuma sau da yawa lokuta suna buƙatar tsoma baki tsaka-tsaka (watau, ta hanyar likitan kwantar da hankali ko masanin halayyar ɗan adam) don yawancin rayuwarsu don kiyaye alamun cutar da kyau kuma don tabbatar da [goyon bayansu ] ƙungiya suna cikin wuri idan suna da farkawa.

Yaya yawan cutar sikizophrenia take?

Schizophrenia yana shafar mutane miliyan 20 a duniya. (Kwayar cuta ta Duniya, 2017)
Adadin shekara-shekara na sababbin cututtukan sikizophrenia shine 1.5 cikin mutane 10,000. ( Binciken Epidemiol , 2008)
Schizophrenia na ɗaya daga cikin manyan dalilai 15 na haifar da nakasa a duk duniya. (Kwayar cuta ta Duniya, 2016)
Kusan 5% na mutanen da ke fama da cutar schizophrenia suna mutuwa ta hanyar kashe kansu, galibi tare da haɗari mafi girma a farkon cutar rashin hankalin. ( Archives na Babban Lafiya, 2005)
Kimanin kashi 20% na mutanen da ke fama da cutar schizophrenia sun yi ƙoƙari su kashe aƙalla sau ɗaya. (Recoveryauyen farfadowa, 2020)

Statisticsididdigar Schizophrenia a cikin Amurka

Yaduwar cutar schizophrenia tsakanin manya Amurka an kiyasta kusan mutane miliyan 1.5 a kowace shekara. (Kawancen Kasa kan Ciwon Hauka, 2019)
Schizophrenia galibi ana bincikar cutar ne a cikin samari a lokacin ƙuruciyarsu zuwa farkon 30s tare da alamun alamun da ake gabatarwa da wuri a cikin maza fiye da na mata. (Cibiyar Kula da Lafiya ta Hauka, 2018)
Matsakaicin rayuwar da aka rasa ga mutanen da ke fama da cutar schizophrenia a Amurka shekaru 28.5 ne. ( JAMA Rashin Lafiya , 2015)

Alamomin tabin hankali da kuma ganewar cutar schizophrenia ta hanyar kabilanci

Yawan rayuwar cututtukan cututtukan da ake ruwaitowa na kai tsaye sun fi yawa a cikin baƙar fata Baƙi (21.1%), Latino Americans (19.9%), da fararen Amurkawa (13.1%). ( Sabis na tabin hankali , 2013)
Yawan rayuwar cututtukan cututtukan mutum da aka ruwaito kansu shine mafi ƙasƙanci a Asiyawan Amurkawa (5.4%). ( Sabis na tabin hankali , 2013)
Bincike ya gano cewa bakaken fatar Amurkawa sun fi turawan Amurka sau uku zuwa hudu na karbar Schizophrenia. ( Labaran Duniya na Lafiya , 2014)

Schizophrenia da ƙididdigar tashin hankali

Marasa lafiya da aka gano da cutar schizophrenia sun fi sau huɗu zuwa shida aikata laifi yayin tashin hankali fiye da yawan jama'a. ( International Journal of Clinical Neurosciences da Hauka Hauka , 2015)
6% na ayyukan kisan kai marasa lafiyan schizophrenia ne ke aikatawa a kasashen yamma. ( International Journal of Clinical Neurosciences da Hauka Hauka , 2015)
Studyaya daga cikin binciken a Sweden ya gano cewa kashi 13.2% na marasa lafiya da schizophrenia suna da aƙalla laifi ɗaya na tashin hankali. ( Jaridar Medicalungiyar Magunguna ta Amurka , 2009)
A tsakanin shekaru biyar na farko na cutar schizophrenia (ko mai alaƙa), 10.7% na maza da 2.7% na mata an yanke musu hukunci game da laifin tashin hankali a Sweden. ( Lancet Magunguna , 2014)
Adadin aikata laifuka tsakanin marasa lafiya da cutar sikizophrenia da cututtukan da ke da alaƙa ya ninka sau biyar fiye da na 'yan uwansu kuma kusan sau bakwai ya fi dacewa da daidaikun mutane a cikin jama'ar Sweden. ( Lancet Magunguna , 2014)

Cutar da ke faruwa tare da sikizophrenia

Hakanan mutanen da ke da cutar schizophrenia suna iya samun yanayin rashin lafiya tare. Wadannan alkalumman suna wakiltar yawan mutanen da ke fama da cutar rashin hankali wadanda ke da takamaiman abin da ya shafi lafiyar hankali:

M bayyanar cututtuka: 30% -54%
Rikicin rikice-rikice na post-traumatic: 29%
Rashin hankali mai rikitarwa: 23%
Rashin tsoro: 15%

(Recoveryauyen farfadowa, 2020)

Yin maganin schizophrenia

Abin takaici, an gano tsirarun mutanen da ke fama da cutar sikizophrenia (31%) a matsayin masu karbar kiwon lafiya, suna masu nuna cewa sama da kashi biyu bisa uku suna fama da rata a cikin jiyya; an gano cewa mafi yawan mutanen da basa karbar kulawa sun fada cikin mafi karancin kudin shiga, a cewar Bulletin na Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya .

Kusan duk mutumin da aka gano yana da cutar schizophrenia zai buƙaci magani, yawanci tare da maganin ƙwaƙwalwa, in ji Ho. Ta ce cewa atypical antipsychotics zai iya sarrafa bayyanar cututtuka na schizophrenia kamar su hallucinations da rudu.

A halin yanzu, clozapine shine mafi ingancin maganin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa dangane da kula da schizophrenia mai jurewa magani, kuma sau da yawa, marasa lafiya dole ne su shiga aƙalla wasu gwaje-gwajen magunguna daban-daban don nemo nau'in magani da siran da ya dace da su, Ho ya bayyana.

Fahimtar halayyar halayyar hankali (CBT) tare da ƙwararren masaniyar lafiyar ƙwaƙwalwa shine mafi inganci wajen kula da marasa lafiya masu cutar sikizophrenic, a cewar Ho. Ta bayyana cewa CBT tana koyar da mara lafiya yadda za su iya sarrafa tunaninsu da halayensu tare da gano abubuwan da ke haifar da wani abu na halin tabin hankali.

Saurin shiga da wuri na iya yin tasiri mai mahimmanci ga mutanen da ke fama da cutar ƙwaƙwalwa. Alamun Schizophrenia galibi sun fi muni a farkon matakan rashin lafiya, wanda shine lokacin da haɗarin kashe kansa ya fi yawa. Mafi yawan mutanen da ke fama da cutar sikizophrenia suna samun sauƙi a kan lokaci, ba mafi muni ba. A zahiri, kashi ashirin na mutane za su sami sauƙi a cikin shekaru biyar na ci gaba da bayyanar cututtuka. Saboda schizophrenia na iya zama kwayar halitta, mutane tare da dangin su wadanda suke da cutar rashin hankali ko kuma tarihin alamomin tabin hankali na iya neman aiyukan kula da lafiyar kwakwalwa don gano cutar rashin hankali da kuma fara magani da wuri-wuri.