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Allurar rigakafi da alurar riga kafi 2021

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Alurar riga kafi na iya kiyaye ka daga yin rashin lafiya saboda suna hana manyan cututtuka masu barazanar rai. Koyaya, alurar riga kafi ta zama mai rikitarwa kwanan nan game da illa da haɗarin alluran. Bari mu duba wasu alkaluman rigakafi da hujjoji don fahimtar abin da suka kasance da kuma dalilin da yasa suke da mahimmanci.

Menene allurar rigakafi?

Alurar riga kafi shiri ne na halitta wanda ke motsa ƙwayoyin cuta zuwa samar da ƙwayoyin cuta, waɗanda ke taimakawa kashe cututtuka. Alurar riga kafi sau da yawa ya ƙunshi wani ɓangare na cutar da yake ƙoƙarin rigakafin ta. Zai iya raunana ko kashe nau'ikan microbe, ɗayan gubarsa, ko ma ɗayan sunadaran da ke samansa. Sanya wani sashi na cutar a cikin jiki yana koyar da tsarin garkuwar jiki don gane shi da kashe shi akan fallasawar gaba.

Nau'in allurar rigakafi

Akwai nau'ikan rigakafi daban-daban guda huɗu:

Allurar rigakafi dauke da wani gurgun yanayi na cutar da ke haifar da ƙwayoyin cuta. Suna ba da amsa na rigakafi na dogon lokaci amma ba shine mafi kyawun zaɓi ga mutanen da ke da tsarin rigakafi masu rauni ba.
Rashin aiki magungunan rigakafi dauke da kwayar cutar da aka kashe wacce ke haifar da cutar da suke kokarin rigakafin ta. Ba su ba da kariya ta kariya wacce ke da ƙarfi kamar allurar rigakafin cutar, don haka ana iya buƙatar allurai da yawa a kan lokaci.
Toxoid magungunan rigakafi suna dauke da gubobi wadanda kwayar cuta ko kwayar cutar ke haifarwa. Suna haifar da kariya ga takamaiman sassan ƙwayoyin cuta ko ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ke haifar da cuta, ba cutar kanta ba.
Haɗawa magungunan rigakafi dauke da wasu bangarori na kwayoyin cuta wadanda ke haifar da cuta, kamar furotin ko sukari. Allurar rigakafin hadewa tana da aminci koda ga mutanen da ke da garkuwar jiki.

Alurar riga kafi vs. rigakafi

Alurar riga kafi wani lokacin takan rikice da rigakafin rigakafi. Allurar rigakafi ita ce abin da ke faruwa ga jiki bayan yin allurar rigakafi. Yana da tsarin jiki zama rigakafi zuwa kowace irin cutar alurar riga kafi take. Misali, rigakafin rotavirus zai baiwa wani kariya daga kamuwa da cutar rotavirus.

Alurar riga kafi

Alurar rigakafin mura ta rage haɗarin kamuwa da cutar mura har zuwa 40% -60%. (Cibiyoyin Kula da Rigakafin Cututtuka [CDC], 2020)
Rigakafin rigakafin rigakafin rigakafin rigakafin rigakafin rigakafin rigakafin rigakafin rigakafin rigakafin rigakafin rigakafin rigakafin rigakafin rigakafin rigakafin rigakafin rigakafin rigakafin rigakafin rigakafin rigakafin rigakafin rigakafin rigakafin rigakafin rigakafin rigakafin, a halin yanzu, kan hana mace-macen miliyan 2 zuwa 3, a kowace shekara, a duniya, daga cututtukan da za a iya rigakafin su. (WHO, 2019)
Alurar rigakafin cutar ƙyanda sun hana kimanin mutane miliyan 21.1 a duniya a tsakanin 2000 da 2017 kuma sun hana ɓarkewar cutar ƙyanda. (UNICEF, 2019)
86% na yara yan shekara 1 a duniya suna da rigakafin rigakafin cutar ƙyanda. (Statista, 2019)
Kimanin kashi 86% na yara a duk duniya suna karɓar maganin alurar riga kafi daga tetanus, pertussis, da diphtheria (DTP) kowace shekara. (Asibitin yara na Philadelphia, 2020)

Statisticsididdigar rigakafin yara

91% na yara masu shekaru 19-35 sun sami rigakafin MMR a cikin Amurka
Fiye da kashi 90% na yara masu shekaru tsakanin 19-35 watanni sun karɓi aƙalla allurai uku na rigakafin cutar shan inna.
70% na yara masu shekaru tsakanin 19-35 watanni sun sami cikakkun jerin allurar rigakafi bakwai (rukunin dukkanin allurar rigakafin da aka ba da shawarar wannan rukunin shekarun) a cikin Amurka
Kashi 95% na masu renon yara sun sami gwamnatocin da ake buƙata na cututtukan fuka, tetanus, da acellular pertussis na shekarar makaranta ta 2018.

(CDC, 2017-2019)

CDC kowace shekara tana sabunta shawararta jadawalin rigakafin yara da matasa , Tabbatar da haɗawa sabon maganin rigakafi kamar yadda suke fitowa. Jadawalin allurar rigakafin ya yi bayani kan irin allurar rigakafin da yara za su samu dangane da shekarunsu, yana mai sauƙaƙa wa iyaye tsara jadawalin yin rigakafin ga yaransu. Akwai kuma shawarar jadawalin rigakafi ga manya .

Dangantaka: Alurar riga kafi da za a yi la’akari da ita lokacin da ka cika shekaru 50

Alurar riga kafi ta cuta

Mura: 62% na yara da 45% na manya sun karɓi alurar rigakafin mura yayin lokacin mura na 2018-2019. (CDC, 2019)
Ciwon huhu: Kashi 69% na manya wadanda suka haura shekaru 65 sun bada rahoton karɓar alurar rigakafin cutar sankarau a cikin 2018. (Statista, 2018)
Mutum papillomavirus (HPV): Kusan 49% na samari masu shekaru 13-17 sun karɓi Alurar riga kafi ta HPV jerin a cikin 2017 don taimakawa kare su daga cututtukan daji da suka shafi wannan kwayar cutar ta kwayar cuta. (CDC, 2018)
Kaji: Kashi 91% na yara masu shekaru tsakanin 19-35 watanni sun karɓi maganin rigakafin cutar kaza (varicella) na wannan ƙungiyar a cikin shekarar 2018. (CDC, 2018)
Polio: Kashi 92% na yara masu shekaru tsakanin 19-35 watanni sun karɓi jerin rigakafin cutar shan inna (wanda aka bayyana a matsayin mafi ƙarancin 3 na jimlar allurar rigakafin 4) a cikin 2018. (CDC, 2018)

Idan kuna tunanin yin balaguro a wajen Amurka, kuna so kuyi la'akari da ganin ƙwararrun masu kiwon lafiya don yin rigakafin. Guda hudu shawarar rigakafi don tafiya zazzaɓi ne, kyanda, Ciwon hanta A , da rigakafin cutar taifod.

Dangantaka: Duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da rigakafin sankarau na B

Allurar rigakafi

Allurar rigakafi na iya inganta lafiyar mutum da ƙoshin lafiya ta hana rigakafin cuta. Alurar rigakafi na aiki da kyau, amma ba cikakke bane kuma wani lokacin na iya haifar da sakamako masu illa. Abubuwan da ke tattare da maganin alurar riga kafi sun haɗa da ciwo a wurin allurar da ƙananan zazzabi.

Ila yawan alamun rashin lafiyan na iya kasancewa a cikin allurar rigakafin, amma halayen rashin lafiyan da ke tattare da alurar rigakafin ba safai ba ne, a matsayin kaɗan kamar guda cikin miliyoyin allurai da ake gudanarwa na DTaP kuma ƙasa da ɗaya cikin miliyoyin allurai da aka gudanar na MMR. ( Likitan Iyalan Amurka , 2017)
Don allurar rigakafin ƙwayar cuta (kaza) da zoster (shingles), halayen gidan allurar cikin gida suna faruwa a cikin 19% na yara da aka yi wa rigakafi da 24% na matasa da manya da aka yi wa rigakafin. ( Likitan Iyalan Amurka , 2017)
1 cikin yara 30 sun sami kumburin cinya ko hannu bayan kashi na huɗu ko na biyar na rigakafin DTaP. ( Likitan Iyalan Amurka , 2017)
Rashin haɗarin intussusception (toshewar hanji) ana yin allurai 1 cikin 100,000 da ake gudanarwa na rigakafin rotavirus. ( Likitan Iyalan Amurka , 2017)

Allurar rigakafi da yawa na iya haifar da halayen lokaci na cikin gida kamar redness, zafi, rash, zazzabi, da kumburi, in ji shi Lai Durant , lauyan rigakafi kuma shugabar ofisoshin Doka na Leah V. Durant, PLLC. Hanyoyin riga-kafi na iya zama mai tsananin gaske kuma suna iya haifar da rashin ƙarfi, rauni, ƙwanƙwasawa, ƙwanƙwasawa, ciwon jijiya, kamuwa, lalacewar kwakwalwa, rashin ji, suma, jin zafi mai zafi a wurin allurar, asara a wani motsi na motsi a hannu, har ma da mutuwa . Duk wanda ya sami mummunan rauni fiye da abin da ya faru a cikin gida ya kamata ya nemi likita nan da nan. A cikin lamura da yawa, ganewar asali da magani na farko na iya taimakawa rage girman raunin cutar alurar riga kafi.

Magungunan alurar rigakafi mai tsanani da dogon lokaci ba su da yawa, in ji Durant. An kiyasta cewa kimanin mutane daya zuwa biyu daga miliyan 1 na fama da mummunan rauni da kuma jimrewa sakamakon allurar rigakafi. Ofaya daga cikin halayen maganin rigakafi na yau da kullun shine yanayin da ake kira raunin kafaɗa wanda ya danganci gudanarwar rigakafin (ko SIRVA). Wannan raunin zai iya bayyana a cikin yanayi irin su tendinitis, bursitis, daskararren kafada, ko juyawa hawaye, kuma na iya buƙatar tiyata mai raɗaɗi, jiyya na jiki, ko wasu jiyya don gyara.

Statisticsididdigar rigakafin rigakafi

A shekarar 1998, wani likita dan kasar Biritaniya ya buga bayanan karya da ya danganta rigakafin MMR (kyanda, da kumburin hanji, da rubella) da kuma ganowar rashin lafiyar autism. Kodayake tun daga lokacin an gano abin da aka gano na yaudara ne kuma aka sake buga littafin, amma ya canza ra’ayin jama’a game da allurar rigakafin kuma ya sa mutane da yawa sun yi imanin cewa allurar rigakafin na haifar da rashin lafiya. Yawan allurar rigakafin ya ragu, kuma har yanzu da yawa suna da imanin cewa allurar rigakafin tana da nasaba da autism ko matsalolin lafiya.

Wani bincike ya gano cewa kusan rabin (45%) na Amurkawa suna shakkar lafiyar alurar riga kafi. (Oungiyar Osteopathic ta Amurka, 2019)
Mafi yawan tushen shakku game da amincin maganin alurar rigakafi sune labaran kan layi, rashin yarda ga masana'antun harhada magunguna, da kuma bayanai daga masanan kiwon lafiya. (Oungiyar Osteopathic ta Amurka, 2019)
27 daga 50 jihohi sun ba da rahoton raguwar makarantun renon yara masu rigakafi tsakanin 2009 da 2018. (Cibiyoyin Gwajin Kiwon Lafiya)
Kawai 57.3% na 'yan mata da 34.6% na yara maza sun karɓi rigakafin HPV a cikin 2013, wanda wani ɓangare ya danganta da damuwar iyaye cewa alurar riga kafi na ƙarfafa jima'i ba tare da kariya ba tun yana ƙarami. (CDC, 2014)
Ya zuwa Maris 2020, 35% na masu ba da amsa sun ce sun yi ba ana son yin rigakafin kwayar cutar idan kuma yaushe za'a samu. (SingleCare, 2020)

A cikin shekarar 2019, Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta sanya jinkirin yin allurar rigakafin a matsayin babbar barazana ga lafiyar duniya da ta jama'a. Kungiyoyi da yawa suna aiki don magance damuwar alurar riga kafi da ilimantar da mutane game da mahimmancin su.

Dangantaka: Coronavirus maganin rigakafi na asibiti don farawa a Amurka

Statisticsididdigar rigakafin garke

Rigakafin garken garken ya zama abin magana a tsakanin annobar coronavirus. Lokacin da yawan jama'a ba su da kariya daga kamuwa da cuta, ko daga ƙwayar cuta ko rigakafi, ana kiyaye kariya ga al'umma (ko garken garken). Kamuwa da cuta na waɗannan cututtukan da ke rigakafin rigakafin gabaɗaya suna haɗuwa da mummunan sakamako fiye da alurar rigakafin kanta, saboda haka an fi yin rigakafin don samun garken garken garken.

Lokacin da mutane basu sami allurar rigakafin cutar ba kuma raguwar allurar rigakafin, hakan na kara barazanar barkewar cutar. A cikin 2019, CDC ta ba da rahoton sabbin kamuwa da cutar kyandar 704 a cikin New York, mafi yawan adadin kamuwa da cutar tun 1994, saboda aljihunan al'ummomin da ke bin ƙa'idodin allurar rigakafi da haɗuwa ta wata hanya zuwa wata cuta.

Kowace cuta mai cutar tana buƙatar yawan garkuwar jiki da aka zayyana a ƙasa, zai fi dacewa ta hanyar yin allurar rigakafi idan akwai, don ƙirƙirar garken garken:

Kyanda: 92% -95%
Pertussis (tari mai tsanani): 92% -94%
Diphtheria: 83% -86%
Rubella: 83% -86%
Poaramar: 80% -86%
Polio: 80% -86%
Mumps: 75% -86%
SARS *: 50% -80%
Ebola: 33% -60%
Mura (mura): 33% -44%

(Duniyarmu a Bayanai, 2019)

* SARS da COVID-19 ana haifar da su ne ta hanyar kwastomomi daban-daban. Learnara koyo a nan .

Kudin allurar rigakafi

Amurka ta kashe kusan dala biliyan 27 na maganin cututtukan da ka iya rigakafin rigakafin. (AJMC, 2019)
Alurar riga kafi ga yara za ta tanadi kimanin dala biliyan 295 a cikin tsada, gami da kwantar da asibiti da kula da lafiya, sama da shekaru 20. (CDC, 2014)
Kammalallen rigakafin yara ya kai kimanin $ 18 ga kowane yaro a cikin ƙasashe masu ƙasƙanci. (UNICEF, 2019)
Ga kowane $ 1 da aka saka a cikin yara marasa rigakafi a ƙasashe masu ƙasƙanci da masu matsakaitan kuɗi, akwai kimanin dawowar saka hannun jari na kusan $ 44. (UNICEF, 2019)

Dangantaka: Waɗanne rigakafin zan iya samun ragi a kan su?

Tambayoyin rigakafi da amsoshi

Wani kaso na mutane ke kamuwa da mura ba tare da allurar rigakafi ba?

A cewar CDC, mura na haifar da cututtuka tsakanin miliyan 9 zuwa 42 a kowace shekara a Amurka. Allurar rigakafin mura ta rage kasadar kamuwa da mura da kashi 40% zuwa 60%.

Ta yaya yin rigakafi ke kariya daga cututtukan cututtuka?

Alurar riga kafi tana karewa daga kamuwa da cuta ta hanyar taimaka wa garkuwar jiki ta gano da yaƙi da ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ke haifar da cutar kanta. Allurar rigakafin kuma na taimakawa hana ɓarkewar cututtukan ƙasa da na duniya.

Mutane nawa ne suka mutu daga rigakafin?

Yana da wahala a san daidai mutane nawa suka mutu kai tsaye saboda rigakafin. Da yawa karatu bayar da rahoton yawan mutuwa na allurar riga-kafi kamar cutar shan inna ta zama kusan mutuwa daya ga duk miliyan 1 da aka yiwa rigakafin. Daga 2000 zuwa 2015, 104 an bayar da rahoton mutuwar mutane kuma a wata hanyar an danganta ta da rigakafin cutar kyanda. Koyaya, tsarin ba da rahoto ba zai iya tabbatar da alaƙar sabbaba tsakanin allurar rigakafin da mutuwa ta gaba ba.

Shin akwai shaidun ilimin lissafi cewa allurar rigakafi na rage kamuwa da cuta?

Akwai shaidu masu yawan gaske wadanda suka nuna yadda allurar rigakafi ke rage kamuwa da cuta. Da HUKUMAR LAFIYA TA DUNIYA , CDC , da UNICEF ci gaba da wallafa bayanai dangane da ingancin alluran.

Menene yawan mutuwar mutanen da ba a yi musu allurar rigakafi ba?

Fiye da mutane miliyan 1.5 ke mutuwa kowace shekara a duniya saboda rashin yin rigakafin.

Shin rigakafin yana da aminci ga yara?

Alurar rigakafi ba ta da wata illa ga yara kuma tana iya kiyaye su daga kamuwa da cututtuka kamar tari.

Shin rigakafin yana haifar da autism ga yara?

An yi dogon bincike kan alakar da ke tsakanin Autism da allurar rigakafi kuma aka gano cewa babu ita, in ji Leann Poston, MD, mataimakiyar shugaban tsangayar Makarantar Koyon aikin Likita ta Jami’ar Wright ta Boonshoft kuma mai ba da gudummawa don Ikon Lafiya . Firayimanin shekaru don ci gaban magana da kuma yawan alurar riga kafi akan jadawalin allurar rigakafin duka suna faruwa a watanni 12 zuwa 15. Dalilin Autism yana da alamun abubuwa da yawa, ma'ana akwai dukkanin abubuwan gado da na muhalli waɗanda zasu iya shafar haɗari. Saboda wannan dalili, mutane suna neman ƙungiyoyi tsakanin abubuwan da ke haifar da muhalli da autism.