FDA ta amince da Ervebo, allurar rigakafin cutar Ebola ta farko

Labarai

A cikin yardar da aka samu na tarihi, Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna ta Amurka (FDA) ta ba da sanarwar tabbatar da Ervebo, allurar rigakafin cutar Ebola ta farko a duniya don rigakafi da kariya daga cutar ta Ebola (EVD).

Menene cutar Ebola?

Cutar Ebola cuta ce mai saurin yaduwa. Ana yada ta ta hanyar saduwa kai tsaye da jini, ruwan jiki, da kyallen takarda na dabbobi ko mutane da ke dauke da cutar - kuma ana iya yada ta ta hanyar mu'amala da saman da kayan aiki (kamar kwanciya ko sutura) wadanda suka gurbata da ruwa. Kwayar cutar tana da lokacin shiryawa wanda ya fara daga kwana biyu zuwa 21 (galibi galibi kwana takwas zuwa 10). Bayan haka, fara bayyanar cututtuka na iya zama farat ɗaya kuma sun haɗa da zazzabi, gajiya, ciwon tsoka, ciwon kai, da ƙoshin makogwaro. Wadannan cututtukan suna biye da amai, gudawa, kurji, nakasar koda da aikin hanta, kuma - a wasu halaye - zubar jini na ciki da waje.

An kawo cutar kwayar cutar ta Ebola ga hankalin jama'ar Amurka bayan littafin da ya shahara da sayarwa na Richard Preston, Yankin Yanayi , an buga shi a shekara ta 1994 - da ke yin rubutu game da asali da kuma abubuwan da suka faru na cutar kwayar cutar Ebola a yankin Saharar Afirka. Amma EVD ta tabbatar da barkewar cutar tana addabar yawan mutane tun daga shekarun 1970. A cewar FDA, barkewar cutar a Guinea, Laberiya, da Saliyo (wanda ya fara daga shekarar 2014 zuwa 2016) ya haifar da sama da mutane 28,000 na cutar ta EVD kuma sama da mutane 11,000 sun mutu. A halin yanzu, Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo (DRC) na fuskantar bala'in EVD na biyu mafi girma a duniya.

Shin akwai maganin rigakafin cutar ta Ebola?

Cutar cutar ta Ebola wata cuta ce mai saurin gaske amma mai tsanani kuma galibi mai saurin kisa wanda bai san iyaka ba, Peter Marks, MD, Ph.D., darektan Cibiyar nazarin kimanta halittu da bincike ta FDA ta FDA, ya ce a cikin fitowar labarai . Alurar riga kafi na da mahimmanci don taimakawa hana barkewar cuta da kuma dakatar da kwayar cutar Ebola daga yaduwa lokacin da barkewar ta faru.

Kuma a can ne Ervebo ya shigo. An yi allurar rigakafin cutar Ebola-wacce kamfanin sarrafa magunguna na Merck & Co., Inc. ke ƙerawa — a matsayin allurar ƙwaya guda. Allura ce ta rayayyiya, wacce aka inganta wacce aka kera ta kwayar halitta don dauke da sunadarai daga cutar Zaire ebolavirus.

Bunƙasa rigakafin cutar ta Ebola

An fara aiki a kan allurar rigakafin cutar ta Ebola a shekara ta 2004, amma har sai da ɓarkewar cutar ta fara faruwa a cikin shekarun 2010 tsarin da aka tantance da amincewa da Ervebo ya kasance mai matukar fifiko.

A cikin 2018, Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta fara amfani da Ervebo a matsayin magani bayan hukumar ta FDA ta ba da sunan Breakthrough Therapy na allurar rigakafin. Wannan ya sauƙaƙe haɓakawa da kimantawar ilimin likitancin kuma ya ba da damar yin amfani da allurar rigakafin a ƙarƙashin faɗaɗa shirin isa don taimakawa rage ɓarkewar DRC.

A wani binciken da aka gudanar yayin barkewar cutar a shekara ta 2014-2016 a Guinea, Ervebo ya kuduri aniyar yin tasiri dari bisa dari wajen hana kamuwa da cutar ta Ebola tare da alamun da suka fara sama da kwanaki 10 bayan rigakafin. Anyi nazarin lafiyar Ervebo a cikin marasa lafiya 15,000 a Afirka, Turai, da Arewacin Amurka. Mafi munin illolin sune tasirin tasirin wurin allura, ciwon kai, zazzabi, ciwon tsoka, da gajiya.

Amma a lura, Ervebo yana da tasiri ne kawai a kan cutar Zaire na cutar Ebola-a cewar Merck.

Kuma yanzu, an yarda da allurar rigakafin don rigakafin cutar kwayar cutar Ebola (EVD), wanda cutar Zaire ebola ke haifarwa cikin mutane masu shekaru 18 zuwa sama. Kafin wannan amincewa, ana iya amfani da rigakafin kwayar cutar ta Ebola ne kawai a cikin gaggawa, kamar barkewar yanzu, in ji Dokta John Dye, babban jami'in rigakafin rigakafin kwayar cutar a Cibiyar Nazarin Likitocin Sojojin Amurka na Cututtuka.

Tare da amincewarsa, ana iya amfani da Ervebo azaman ingantaccen matakin kariya don taimakawa dakatar da ɓarkewar annoba daga faruwa koyaushe, maimakon kasancewa iya amsawa yayin da suka yi hakan.

Amincewar ta yau muhimmin mataki ne a ci gaba da kokarin da muke yi na yakar cutar ta Ebola cikin hadin kai tare da abokan huldarmu a duk fadin Sashen Kiwon Lafiya na Amurka da Ayyukan Dan Adam, har ma da sauran takwarorinmu na duniya, kamar Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya, Anna Abram, Mataimakin Kwamishina na FDA. Manufofin, Dokoki, da Harkokin Kasashen Duniya, ya ce a cikin wata sanarwa. Waɗannan ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarcen, gami da gagarumar amincewar yau, sun nuna yadda FDA ba ta da wata fa'ida don yin amfani da ƙwarewarmu don sauƙaƙe ci gaba da samfuran samfuran lafiya da inganci don magance buƙatun lafiyar jama'a cikin gaggawa da yaƙi da cututtukan cututtuka.

Yaushe za a samu rigakafin cutar Ebola?

A cewar wata sanarwa da aka fitar ta Merck, ana iya yin alluran rigakafin kwayar cutar ta Ebola nan da faduwar shekarar 2020. Kamfanin harhada magunguna zai yi aiki tare da Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya, UNICEF, gwamnatin Amurka, da Gavi (Kawancen Rigakafin Rigakafin) don sanin hanyoyin yaduwar cutar don maganin.