Me yasa cututtukan autoimmune suka fi zama ruwan dare ga mata?

Ilimin Kiwon Lafiya

Lokacin da nake bincikar lafiya tare da rheumatoid amosanin gabbai , Nan da nan na so in san game da cutar da kuma yadda hakan zai iya shafan rayuwata. Gaskiya daya nayi mamakin ganowa shine yayin da kusan kashi 8% na yawan mutanen ke fama da cutar kansa, mata sun kasance kusa da 80% na duk shari'oi a cikin Amurka . Me yasa mata ke tasiri sosai? Don samun amsoshi,yana da mahimmanci a fara fahimtar abin da ke haifar da cuta ta atomatik.

Menene cututtukan autoimmune?

Cutar rashin lafiyar jiki tana faruwa ne lokacin da tsarin garkuwar jiki, wanda yakan yaƙi ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta, da kamuwa da cuta suna afkawa jikinka da kuskure. Akwai fiye da 100 cututtuka na autoimmune. Kowace cuta ta musamman ce, amma da yawa suna raba waɗannan alamun:

• Gajiya
• Dizziness
• Matsalar maida hankali
• Feverananan zazzabi
• Nutsuwa da kaɗawa a hannaye da ƙafa
• Rashin gashi
• Canjin fata ko rashes

Saboda waɗannan alamun farko ba su da ma'ana, zai iya zama da wahala (kuma ɗauki ɗan lokaci) don samun ainihin ganewar asali.Ana gano cututtukan autoimmune yawanci ta hanyar cikakken tarihi da gwajin jiki, gwaje-gwajen jini, hoto (X-rays, MRI’s, da ultrasound tests), da sauran bincike.

Menene cututtukan cututtukan zuciya na yau da kullun?

Wasu daga cikin cututtukan ƙwayar cuta na yau da kullun sun haɗa da:

• Cututtukan thyroid
• Psoriasis
• Rubuta ciwon sukari na 1
• Ciwon hanji mai kumburi
• Rheumatoid amosanin gabbai
• Lupus
• Mahara sclerosis

Mata suna son haɓaka cututtukan ƙwayar cuta a lokacin shekarun haihuwarsu , tsakanin shekaru 12 zuwa 51.Autoimmune cututtuka kamar rheumatoid amosanin gabbai, lupus, cutar Hashimoto [low thyroidism], Sjogren’s syndrome, cututtukan Grave [high thyroidism], da kuma sclerosis da yawa sun fi shafar mata fiye da maza, in ji shi Magdalena Cadet, MD , wani likitan kwalliya da ke hade da New York da kuma abokiyar zama a NYU Langone Medical Center.

Me yasa mata suke da cututtukan autoimmune fiye da maza?

Yawancin masana sun yi imanin cewa haɗuwa ce ta hormones (da farko estrogen), halittar jini (the X chromosome), da kuma tsarin garkuwar jiki.

Bayanai sun nuna cewa estrogen na iya taka rawa wajen yawaitar cututtukan cikin-gida a jikin mata. Yawancin mata ana bincikar su da cutar lupus a lokacin haihuwar yara lokacin da haɓakar estrogen ta haɓaka, Dr. Cadet ya ce. Estrogen na iya ƙara haɓaka kumburi (wanda aka nuna yana haifar da ci gaba da yawa cututtuka na kowa ) yayin da ake tunanin testosterone don rage alamomin kumburi. Kumburi yana taka rawa a yawancin cututtukan da ke ci gaba.

Mata na iya zama masu yuwuwar kamuwa da cututtukan autoimmune wani ɓangare saboda rawar da kwayar halittar gado ke da ita game da tsarin garkuwar jiki ko X chromosome, in ji Dokta Cadet. Wasu karatuttukan mutane da dabbobi sun sami kwayar halitta akan X chromosome wanda zai iya bayyana fifikon mace don samun cutar kansa, Amma, ana bukatar yin ƙarin karatu don tantance wannan tunanin.

Alexander Shikhman, MD, masanin ilmin halayyar rheumatologist tare da digirin digirgir a fannin ilimin rigakafi da kamuwa da cuta Cibiyar Nazarin Musamman a cikin San Diego yana jaddada rawar kwayoyin halitta da kuma ba da amsa ta hanyar abubuwan da ke ba da gudummawa wajen haɓaka cututtukan autoimmune.Abune sananne cewa bayyana rashin karfin jiki a cikin mata shine mafi girma hakan yasa mata suka fi saurin kamuwa da cutar kansa, in ji Dr. Shikhman. Masu karɓa na kama-tafiya, sel masu gabatarwa na antigen, ƙwayoyin dendritic, ƙwayoyin B sun fi yawa a cikin mata. A sauƙaƙe, mata suna da ƙarfin haɓaka na rigakafi (idan aka kwatanta su da maza) -wadda ya sa ba su da saurin kamuwa da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta, amma kuma yana ƙaddara su ga rashin ƙarfi saboda martani mai saurin karewa.

Menene ke haifar da cututtukan kai tsaye ga mata?

Akwai ra'ayoyi da yawa game da abin da ke haifar da cututtukan ƙwayar cuta a cikin mata ciki har da kamuwa da cuta, ƙarfin ƙarfin rigakafi, damuwa, halittar jini, da abinci.

Nazarin ya nuna cewa cututtuka na iya zama abin faɗakarwa ga mahalli don ƙarancin kai (ɓataccen martani na rigakafin jiki wanda ke sa jiki ya afka wa kansa). A cikin aikinmu, koyaushe muna gwadawa don kamuwa da cuta mai ɗorewa wanda ke motsa cutar rashin lafiyar jiki, Dr. Shikhman ya bayyana. A cikin kwarewarmu, kamuwa da cututtukan cututtuka yana haifar da haɗarin ƙwayar autoimmune cikin mata fiye da maza; kamar yadda muka saba gani bayyananniyar asibiti na cututtukan da ke ci gaba sun fi kamari ga mata. Ma'ana, mata sun fi maza saurin kamuwa da cutar bayan kamuwa da cuta.

A cewar Dr. Cadet,Hakanan mata suna iya haifar da ƙarin kwayoyi a cikin rigakafin rigakafin su yayin fuskantar kamuwa da cuta, rauni, ko allurar rigakafi. Ta ce yawancin cututtukan autoimmune suna yin sulhu ta hanyar anti-antibodies kamar RA, Sjogren's syndrome, da lupus. Magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta na yau da kullun sune rukunin sunadarai na rigakafi waɗanda zasu iya lalata jiki. Wannan yana faruwa ne lokacin da tsarin garkuwar jiki ya rikice kuma baya iya banbanta tsakanin sunadaran kai da wadanda ba na kai ba. Bowayoyin cuta na atomatik na iya haifar da kumburi da lalata kyallen takarda da gabobin jiki, wanda ke haifar da cutar autoimmune.

Sauran abubuwan da ke haifar da cututtukan ƙwayar cuta na iya haɗawa da kwayar halitta, ko a Yammacin abinci , wanda ya hada da mai-mai da mai-kilastrol, mai-furotin, mai-sikari, da gishiri mai yalwa da sarrafa abinci.

Shin mata na iya haifar da cututtukan autoimmune masu yawa?

Game da 25% na marasa lafiya da cututtukan autoimmune suna da halin haɓaka ƙarin cututtukan cututtukan zuciya. Watau,cututtukan autoimmune na iya faruwa a gungu.

Akwai wani abu sananne sananne a ilimin rigakafi wanda ake kira 'autoimmune epitope yada,' Dr. Shikhman yayi bayani. Yana bayani game da ci gaban abubuwa daban-daban na rashin lafiyar mutum a cikin mutumin da aka ba shi. Dangane da antigen, ƙwayoyin B suna yin ƙwayoyin cuta; mafi kyawun 'antibody' ya ci nasara kuma ya haifar da hari. A tsawon lokaci antibody na farko wanda ya ci nasara ya fara daukar wasu kwayoyin B wadanda ke haifar da kwayoyin cuta wadanda ke fadada kai hari kan wasu kyallen takarda.

Bincike da aka yi a Asibitin yara na Boston da makarantar likitancin Harvard yayi bayanin wannan tsari azaman hanyar jirgin jirgi mai gudu game da cutar kansa. Da zarar an haifar da amsawar autoimmune, akwai tasirin kwalliya na martani na autoimmune, wanda zai iya haifar da ci gaban ƙarin cututtukan ƙwayar cuta.

Jiyya don cututtukan autoimmune

Duk da yake babu magani ga cututtukan autoimmune, ci gaba a magunguna suna ba da ingantaccen hangen nesa da aikin haƙuri. Sauye-sauyen salon rayuwa na iya zama da taimako ƙwarai wajen rage ko rage tashe-tashen hankulan kai-tsaye. Sun hada da:

• Rage danniya
• Lafiyayyen abinci
• Motsa jiki
• Biofeedback
• Rage barasa, taba, ko wasu abubuwan amfani
• Kyawawan halayen bacci
• Dangantaka mai kyau
• Jiki na jiki

Zaɓuɓɓukan maganin likita sun bambanta don takamaiman cututtuka, amma na iya haɗawa da:

• Magungunan anti-inflammatory marasa ƙwayar cuta ( ibuprofen , naproxen ): Kuma aka sani da NSAIDs, waɗannan magunguna suna magance ciwo kuma suna rage kumburi.
• Corticosteroids ( prednisone , cortisone ): Wadannan takaddun umarni na yaki da kumburi da rage ayyukan garkuwar jiki.
• Sauyawar Hormone ( insulin , levothyroxine ): Yanayi na autoimmune kamar su ciwon sukari na 1, da hypothyroidism suna buƙatar maye gurbin takamaiman hormone.
• Immunosuppressants ( cyclosporine , methotrexate ): Wadannan magunguna suna dakile garkuwar jiki kuma ana iya amfani dasu don magance lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, da psoriasis.
• Maganin immunoglobulin : Wannan maganin yana amfani da cakuda ƙwayoyin cuta don magance yawan yanayin kiwon lafiya.
• Ilimin halittu ( Humira , Enbrel , Remicade , Cosentyx , Ocrevus ): Wadannan magunguna sun fito ne daga kwayoyin halitta kuma suna toshe hanyoyin kariya a kwayoyin halitta.

Asirin dalilin da yasa cututtukan cikin jiki ke shafar mata sosai fiye da maza yana da fuskoki daban-daban, amma yayin da kimiya ke ci gaba, haka ma damar ci gaba a jiyya da kuma marasa lafiya don samun ingantacciyar rayuwa. Matan da ke fuskantar rikice-rikice na autoimmune na iya samun rayuwa mai inganci tare da ƙungiyar kulawa da fannoni da yawa da kuma kusancin jiki ga lafiyar jiki.