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Mura a vs. B: Wanne ne ya fi muni?

Ilimin Kiwon Lafiya

Yana farawa kadan. Kuna iya farka da cizon yatsa mai zafi da hanci da ke malalo, ko kuma kuna iya jin ɗan ƙarami a cikin yini fiye da yadda kuka saba. Amma akwai ƙarin a hanya. Ka sauko da zazzabi, sanyi, ciwon jiki, kuma kana kwanciya tare da mura.

Mura ta zama magana mai fa'ida da mutane ke amfani da ita don bayyana nau'ikan cututtuka da dama ba daidai ba. Sau da yawa muna jin mutane suna cewa oh, na sauko da mura ta makon da ya gabata, ko kuma yara sun sami mura ta sa'a 24. Amma mura yana nufin nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta na mura (A, B, C, da D), mafi yawan mura mura A da mura B.

Mura ta A na iya kamuwa da mutane da dabbobi. A mafi yawan lokuta, yana da alaƙa da annoba na yanayi a Amurka (aka lokacin mura ) da kuma annobar duniya. Kullum yana canzawa, saboda haka yana da nau'ikan nau'ikan daban-daban, gami da mummunar cutar murar tsuntsaye (cutar murar tsuntsaye) da mura mura . A wani bangaren kuma, mura B tana da wasu nau'uka guda biyu (Victoria da Yamagata), wadanda ke faruwa, a mafi yawan lokuta, sai dai a cikin mutane kuma suna rikidewa a hankali, saboda haka ba hakika wata annoba ce mai saurin yaduwa ba.

Karanta don cikakken jagora zuwa waɗannan nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta na mura.

Dalilin

Mura A

Hanyar yaduwa mafi yaduwa ita ce ta kananan digo wadanda aka kirkira yayin da mai cutar yayi magana, atishawa, tari, ko numfashi mai yawa. Nau'in A shima (duk da cewa yana da ƙima) an ƙulla shi ta hanyar hulɗa tare da dabba mai cutar , kamar tsuntsu ko alade. Hakanan ana iya daukar kwayar cutar ta mura ta hanyar abubuwa marasa rai idan wani mara lafiya ya gurbata ta, kamar ƙofar ƙofa.

Mura B

Kamar ƙwayoyin cuta ta A, ƙwayoyin cutar ta B ana ɗauke ta ne ta hanyar mu'amala da ɗigon ruwa lokacin da mai cutar ya yi tari, atishawa, ko tattaunawa. Dabbobi galibi ba sa saurin kamuwa da kwayar cutar ta mura B, don haka gaba ɗaya ba a ɗauka cewa masu ɗauka ne.

Mura na A da B ke haifar da shi
Mura A	Mura B
Saduwa da digo daga mutumin da ya kamu da cutar Saduwa da dabbobin da ke dauke da cutar (ba safai ba)	Saduwa da digo daga mutumin da ya kamu da cutar

Dangantaka: Shin mura na iska ne? Koyi yadda mura ke yaduwa

Yawaita

Mura A

Mura ta A ita ce nau'in mura da aka fi sani. Yana lissafin kudi Kusan kashi 75% na duka cututtukan ƙwayar cuta ta mura , kuma shine mafi yuwuwar haifar da mura lokaci daya wanda ke addabar Amurka kowane hunturu. Wannan ba karamin adadi bane, musamman idan akayi la’akari da Mutane miliyan 25 zuwa 50 ne ke kamuwa da cutar a duk fadin kasar kowace shekara .

A lokacin damun shekarar 2018-19, Cibiyoyin Kula da Rigakafin Cututtuka (CDC) sun gwada samfurin 1,145,555 don mura, kuma daga cikin sakamako masu kyau 177,039, 95% sun kasance mura A.

Mura ta kara rabewa zuwa wasu nau'ikan da suka dogara da sunadarai guda biyu a saman kwayar da ake kira hemagglutinin da neuraminidase. Tyananan nau'ikan waɗannan sunadarai suna haifar da haɗuwa da yawa daban-daban da ƙwayoyin cutar mura ta A. Bugu da ƙari, ƙananan maye gurbi da ke haifar da canje-canje a cikin waɗannan sunadaran sunadaran a kan lokaci na iya ba da damar waɗannan ƙwayoyin su inganta ikonsu na cutar mutane a kowane lokaci. Wannan halayyar tana gabatar da kalubale wajen hango mafi yawan yaduwar cutar mura ta A yayin da ake yanke shawara kan abin da ya kunsa na rigakafin mura watanni kafin ainihin lokacin mura ya same ta. Duk waɗannan abubuwan tare haɗuwa suna taimakawa ga rinjaye na kamuwa da kwayar cutar A a kowane yanayi.

Mura B

Tabbas, lambobi da kashi-kashi na iya bambanta daga yanayi zuwa yanayi. Misali, matakan farko na lokacin mura na 2019-2020 sun gani mura B a matsayin mafi yawan nau'in , musamman tsakanin yara.

Amma mafi yawan shekaru, yana ɗaukar kujerar baya don bugawa A. Ba yaɗa sauƙi kamar sauƙaƙe saboda yana canzawa a hankali kuma yana da manyan ƙananan nau'i biyu kawai: Victoria da Yamagata. A kan matsakaici, duk da haka, irin cututtukan B na asusun kusan 25% na yawan cututtukan mura.

Cutar mura A vs. B
Mura A	Mura B
Kusan kashi 75% na duk cututtukan mura (a matsakaita)	Kimanin kashi 25% na duk cututtukan mura (a matsakaita) Mafi na kowa kuma mai tsanani a tsakanin yara

Kwayar cututtuka

Mura A

Kwayar cututtukan mura A tana kama da juna ba tare da yin la'akari da subtype ba. Mafi yawanci sune yawan hanci, ciwon makogwaro, zazzabi, sanyi, ciwon jiki, da kasala.

Babban bambanci shine tsananin su. Nau'in alamun A yawanci yakan zo da ƙarfi kuma wani lokacin yakan haifar da asibiti ko ma mutuwa. Dangane da CDC.gov, mura A ta samar da kashi 95.5% na duk asibitocin mura na yanayi a lokacin kakar 2018-19.

Mura B

Nau'in B yana haifar da alamun kamanni da waɗanda aka lissafa a sama, amma galibi suna da sauƙi. Koyaya, har yanzu tana da damar haɓaka cikin tsanani, haifar da asibiti da mutuwa, musamman a yara .

Ciwon mura A vs. B

Mura A

Mura B

Hancin hanci
Ciwon wuya
Zazzaɓi
Jin sanyi
Ciwon jiki
Tari
Ciwon kai
Gajiya
Rashin jin daɗi na kirji

Hancin hanci
Ciwon wuya
Zazzaɓi
Jin sanyi
Ciwon jiki
Tari
Ciwon kai
Gajiya
Rashin jin daɗi na kirji

(Kwayar cututtuka na iya zama ƙasa da tsanani fiye da mura A)

Dangantaka: Coronavirus (COVID-19) vs. mura da sanyi

Ganewar asali

Mura A

Jarabawar jiki ita ce mataki na farko. Idan mai samarda cutar ya gano alamomin mura na yau da kullun kuma akwai wani aiki mai saurin yaduwa a cikin al'ummar yankin, to zai iya yin odar gwaji don tabbatar da cutar. Kowane gwajin mura yana buƙatar mai ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya don toshe hanci ko haƙuri wani lokacin maƙogwaro.

Mafi sauri kuma mafi yawan gwaji shine saurin gwajin cutar mura (RIDT). Sakamako yana ɗaukar minti 10 zuwa 15, amma ƙila za su iya zama ba daidai ba kamar sauran gwaji. Ari da, RIDTs ba su ba da bayani game da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cutar mura A.

Hakanan gwaje-gwajen kwayoyin na yau da kullun suna cikin gwaje-gwajen ofis. Suna ɗaukar ɗan lokaci kaɗan amma sun fi daidai da wasu RIDTs a cikin cewa akwai ƙaramar damar gwajin da ke haifar da mummunan ƙarya ko na ƙarya.

Idan mai samarwa yana buƙatar cikakken bayani game da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta da damuwa, shi ko ita na iya aika swab zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje don ƙarin zurfin zurfin ƙwayoyin cuta wanda zai iya bambanta mura A subtypes.

Novel type A ƙwayoyin cuta, yawanci ɗauke da dabbobi, basa yawan bayyana a kan mafi mahimmanci, samfuran samfuran kasuwanci. Idan mai bada sabis yana zargin wata sabuwar kwayar cuta, ya kamata ita ko ita suyi magana game da yiwuwar sake gwajin kwayar-polymerase (RT-PCR) tare da sassan kiwon lafiya na gida da na jihohi. Al'adun kwayar cuta kuma wani gwajin ne da ake samu wanda ba a amfani dashi gaba ɗaya don yanke shawarar asibiti, amma don ƙarin ƙimar ƙwayoyin cuta. Ana amfani da al'ada sosai don sa ido kan cututtukan mura na A ko B waɗanda za a iya la'akari da su don rigakafin lokacin mura na gaba.

Mura B

Kamar nau'ikan A, ganewar asali yana farawa ne da gwajin jiki, wanda wani lokacin zai iya isa a gano asali. Amma gwaji sau da yawa ya zama dole don tabbatarwa.

Kodayake nau'in B sau da yawa ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta ne, RIDTs basu da mahimmanci ga antigens ɗinta , don haka waɗannan gwaje-gwajen ba koyaushe suke daidai ba. Sakamakon haka, likita na iya yin odar gwaji mafi ƙarfi idan suna tsammanin kamuwa da cuta ta B.

Cutar mura A vs. B
Mura A	Mura B
Gwajin cutar ta saurin cutar mura (RIDT) Gwajin kwayoyin sauri Al'adun hoto Bayanin rubutun-polymerase na baya-baya (RT-PCR) (idan likita yana zargin wani sabon nau'in A iri)	Gwajin cutar ta saurin cutar mura (RIDT) Gwajin kwayoyin sauri Al'adun hoto

Jiyya

Mura A

Abin takaici, babu magani da zai kawar da kwayar cutar mura. Amma akwai hanyoyi don gudanar da alamunta da rage tsawon lokacinsa.

Yawancin mutane suna kwance ne kawai tare da magungunan gida kamar ɗumbin ruwa, yawan hutawa, miyar kaza da ake yi a gida, da masu ba da zafi kamar ibuprofen (Motrin) kuma acetaminophen (Tylenol) . Waɗannan sau da yawa suna da tasiri, amma kawai don rage alamun cututtukan mura.

Ga mutane masu mura A waɗanda suke ɓangare na ƙungiyoyi masu haɗari don rikitarwa (yara, tsofaffi, wasu yanayin kiwon lafiya), ko waɗanda ke da alamun bayyanar cututtuka, masu ba da kiwon lafiya na iya ba da umarnin maganin rigakafin cutar kamar Tamiflu (oseltamivir phosphate) , Relenza (zanamivir) , ko Rapivab (peramivir). Wadannan kwayoyi ba za su kawar da kwayar ba, amma za su rage ikon hadewa da kwayoyin halitta da kuma kara rubanyawa, wanda hakan na iya rage tsawon lokacinsa da hana ci gaba da rikitarwa. Suna da tasiri sosai idan aka ɗauke su tsakanin awanni 48 da rashin lafiya.

Mura B

Rubutun B na B kusan kusan iri ɗaya ne da irin na A. Amsar da ta fi dacewa ita ce kawai barin cutar ta ci gaba yayin da take shan ruwa, hutawa, da shan magunguna marasa magani.

Saboda mura B ba ta cika yin tsanani ba, ba zai buƙaci maganin rigakafin cutar ba, kodayake masu ba da kiwon lafiya na iya tsara su don mutane masu haɗari.

Magungunan mura A vs. B
Mura A	Mura B
Magungunan gida (ruwaye, hutawa, mai rage radadin ciwo na OTC) Magungunan antivirals	Magungunan gida (ruwaye, hutawa, mai rage radadin ciwo na OTC) Magungunan antivirals

Dangantaka: Magungunan mura da magunguna

Hanyoyin haɗari

Mura A

Mura ta A ba ta da daɗi ga matsakaicin mutum. Duk da haka, yana iya zama haɗari ga tsofaffi (65 ko mazan), yara, mata masu juna biyu, mutanen da ke da garkuwar jiki, ko kuma mutanen da ke da cutar rashin lafiya (kamar cututtukan zuciya, cututtukan koda, ko asma).

Mura B

Abubuwa masu haɗari ga kamuwa da cutar B da kuma rikitarwa suna da kamanceceniya, kodayake cutar ta B ta fi yawa a tsakanin yara.

Mura na A da B. Masu haɗarin haɗari
Mura A	Mura B
Shekaru 65 ko mazan da suka wuce Shekaru 5 ko ƙarami Ciki Kiba Yanayi na yau da kullum (asma, cututtukan zuciya, cututtukan koda, da sauransu) Karfin garkuwar jiki	Shekaru 65 ko mazan da suka wuce Shekaru 5 ko ƙarami Ciki Kiba Yanayi na yau da kullum (asma, cututtukan zuciya, cututtukan koda, da sauransu) Karfin garkuwar jiki

Dangantaka: Waɗanne ƙungiyoyi ne ke cikin haɗarin haɗarin mura?

Rigakafin

Mura A

Strategyaya daga cikin dabaru masu tasiri don ingantaccen rigakafin mura (da rayuwa mai rai gaba ɗaya) shine taƙaita yuwuwar kamuwa da cutar. Nufin wannan wanke hannuwa , gujewa fadada cudanya da mutanen da suka kamu da cutar, disinfecting saman wuraren da cutar, da dai sauransu Duk wanda ya riga ya sauko da mura A na iya taimakawa dakatar da yaduwar sa ta hanyar zama a gida da tari ko atishawa a gwiwar hannu.

Bayan wannan, layin mafi inganci shine kariya ta mura (mura harbi). Akwai iri biyu. Alurar rigakafi mai banƙyama tana kare kariya daga mura biyu A (H1N1 da H3N2) da ƙwayar mura ta B guda ɗaya, yayin da alurar riga kafi ta huɗu ke hana waɗannan ukun da ƙarin nau'in B iri ɗaya.

Nau'in mura A (H3N2) na iya canzawa da sauri, kodayake, don haka jami'an kiwon lafiya dole ne su yi tunanin cigabanta kowace shekara. A sakamakon haka, allurar rigakafin cutar mura na iya zama mai ƙarancin tasiri wajen hana kamuwa da nau'in A idan wannan hasashen ya kasance a kashe.

Mura B

Yin taka tsantsan iri ɗaya (wanke hannu, guje wa marasa lafiya, da dai sauransu) ta yadda zai hana kamuwa da cutar B da yaduwa. Alurar rigakafin cutar yawanci amintacciyar caca ce ga mura B, amma mai yiwuwa ba koyaushe ya zama cikakken wasa ba don matsalar shekara-shekara.

Yana da mahimmanci don watsar da tatsuniya ta kowa a nan. Yin allurar mura ba zai sa wani ya kamu da mura A ko B. Magungunan suna ɗauke da ƙwayoyin cuta da suka mutu ko furotin guda ɗaya na mura, ko kuma game da maganin alurar rigakafin hanci ya raunana ƙwayoyin cuta mai rai, babu ɗayansu isa ya harbawa dan adam .

Yadda zaka kiyaye mura A vs. B
Mura A	Mura B
Guji mutane marasa lafiya Wanke hannuwa Cutar da cututtukan saman Kula da abinci mai kyau, bacci, da motsa jiki Allurar rigakafin yanayi	Guji mutane marasa lafiya Wanke hannuwa Cutar da cututtukan saman Kula da abinci mai kyau, bacci, da motsa jiki Allurar rigakafin yanayi

Yaushe ake ganin likita don mura A ko B

Mafi yawan mutane zasu fitar da mura daga gida tare da kawai alamun-zuwa-matsakaiciyar bayyanar cututtuka. Amma wani lokacin yana da kyau a ziyarci likitan lafiyar ku. Duk wanda ke da ɗaya ko fiye daga cikin haɗarin haɗarin da aka lissafa a sama ya kamata ya yi la’akari da ganin ƙwararren mai sana'a don tabbatar da cewa ba ta rikide zuwa cuta mai tsanani ko kamuwa da numfashi ba.

Mai ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya na iya zama mahimmanci ga mutanen da ke da tsananin alamomi ko tsawan lokaci ko wasu matsaloli kamar wahalar numfashi, ciwon kirji, jiri kai tsaye, amai, taurin wuya, ko rashin sani.

Tambayoyi akai-akai game da cutar A da B

Wanne ne ya fi muni: mura A ko mura B?

Nau'in mura na A da na B iri daya ne, amma nau'ikan A ya fi yaduwa, wani lokacin ya fi tsanani, kuma yana iya haifar da annoba ta mura da annoba.

Shin mura A ne ko kwayar cuta?

Mura ta A ita kwayar cuta ce, kodayake tana iya kasancewa tare da irin wannan alamun na cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta na iska, kamar sinusitis.

Har yaushe ne nau'in A na mura?

Kwayar cutar yawanci yakan ɗauki kwana biyar zuwa bakwai, kodayake suna iya yin jinkiri har zuwa makonni biyu. Samun allurar rigakafin rigakafin rigakafin rigakafin rigakafin rigakafin rigakafin rigakafin rigakafin rigakafin rigakafin rigakafinsa ko rage shan kwayar cutar za ta iya rage tsawon lokacin.

Har yaushe cutar mura da A da B ke yaduwa?

Mutane da ke mura suna kamuwa wata rana kafin alamun bayyanar su bunkasa kuma kwana biyar zuwa bakwai bayan haka.

Shin cutar mura ta tafi da kanta?

A mafi yawan lokuta, haka ne. Gabaɗaya, zai gudana cikin kwanaki bakwai zuwa 10. Mutane masu haɗari (yara, tsofaffi, waɗanda ke da yanayin da suka kasance, da dai sauransu) na iya buƙatar ganin mai ba da kiwon lafiya don hana ƙarin rikitarwa na mura.