Yadda za a yiwa yara rigakafin-kwaleji

Ilimin Kiwon Lafiya

Kun taimaka musu su zabi zaɓaɓɓun su, sun biya karatun su na farko, kuma har ma sun tabbatar sun tattara ɗayan waɗancan yara masu karancin ruwan sha: Yaranku ba za su iya kasancewa cikin shiri sosai ba don ranar farko ta kwaleji-ko za su iya? Yaushe ne lokacin ƙarshe da ka bincika bayanan rigakafin su?

Kamar yadda ya bayyana, sabuwar shekara shekara ce mai muhimmanci don tabbatar da cewa yaranku suna kan dukkan alluran rigakafin su, in ji Kristen Feemster, MD, darektan bincike na Cibiyar ilimantar da allurar rigakafi a Asibitin yara na Philadelphia da kuma daraktan lafiya na shirin rigakafi da cututtukan da ke yaduwa a Sashin Kiwon Lafiya na Philadelphia.

A zahiri, kwalejoji na buƙatar bayanan rigakafin daga ɗalibai masu zuwa.

Akwai abubuwa masu mahimmanci da yawa na shiga kwaleji waɗanda ke ba da damar yin zamani game da rigakafin musamman mahimmanci, in ji ta. Ga ɗalibai da yawa, za su kasance suna rayuwa a cikin wuri mai haɗuwa - ƙila suna zama a cikin ɗakin kwanan su ko kuma suna raba wani gida. Wataƙila akwai ɗaliban da ke shirin yin ɗan lokaci a ƙasashen waje a matsayin ɓangare na shirin su ko kuma suna iya shiga cikin wasu ayyukan aiki, kamar kimiyyar kiwon lafiya, wanda zai iya haɓaka tasirin su.

Kuna iya neman kwafin rikodin rigakafin ɗalibinku daga ofishin likitansu. Kwafin hoto yawanci saboda ofishin mai rejista na jami'a ne.

Jerin tsarin rigakafin kwaleji

Yawanci, ana ba da shawarar yin rigakafin masu zuwa don kwaleji:

• Kyanda, kumburi, da rubella (MMR)
• Meningococcal
• Mutum papillomavirus (HPV)
• Mura

Kuma yayin da kwalejoji da jami'o'i da yawa suke da nasu allurar rigakafin da ake buƙata (watau, allurai ɗaya zuwa biyu na kyanda , mumps, da rubella (MMR) da kuma allurai guda daya zuwa biyu na meningococcal sune suka fi yawa, a cewar Dr. Feemster), bai kamata ka dogara da jerin sunayen makarantar ba don tabbatar da cewa daliban ka suna da cikakkiyar kariya. Anan akwai mahimman rigakafi guda uku da yakamata yaranku suyi kafin su tafi harabar:

Mutum papillomavirus (HPV)

HPV ita ce mafi yawan kamuwa da cuta ta hanyar jima'i a cikin Amurka A zahiri, a cewar Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka (CDC), kimanin Amurkawa miliyan 79 (galibi a cikin samartakarsu da 20s) ke da cutar. Kuma yayin da kwayar cutar ta HPV take kwance sau da yawa da kanta, hakanan yana iya haifar da wasu lamuran lafiya masu tsanani. Dalilin da ya sa muke damuwa game da HPV, in ji Dokta Feemster, shi ne saboda yana iya haifar da cutar kansa - an san shi da haifar da cutar sankarar mahaifa da wasu otheran sauran cututtukan fututtuka ko na al'aura. Alurar rigakafin HPV, sabili da haka, ɗayan ɗayan rigakafin ne kawai don ainihin hana ciwon daji. (Duk da cewa ba ta kariya daga dukkan nau'ikan HPV.)

Jadawalin: Alurar riga kafi ta HPV (ɗayan sanannen sanannen sanannen sunan sa Gardasil 9 ) yana da yawa-kashi. Doctors yawanci suna ba da shawarar bayar da kashi na farko a shekara 11 ko 12 (kafin yara su zama masu yin jima'i), sannan biyun na biyu aƙalla watanni shida daga baya. Idan yaronka ya kai shekara 15 ko sama da haka idan suka karɓi allurarsu ta farko, zai buƙaci allurar riga-kafi guda uku kafin fara kwaleji, kan jadawalin sifili, biyu, da shida, a cewar Dokta Feemster.

Cutar sankarau (sankarau)

Meningococcus kwayoyin cuta ne da ke iya haifar da sankarau (kumburin ƙwayoyin da ke kewaye da ƙwaƙwalwa da laka) da sepsis. Dukansu na iya zama barazanar rai. Wannan kamuwa da cuta ce da ba ta da yawa idan aka kwatanta da wasu abubuwa kamar mura, amma idan hakan ta faru, zai iya saurin kamawa kuma ya sa ku cikin rashin lafiya, in ji Dokta Feemster. Cutar sankarau na iya yaduwa ta hanyar maniyyi da yau, kuma bisa ga CDC , daliban kwaleji suna cikin dan karamin hauhawar kamuwa da cutar, idan aka kwatanta da takwarorinsu da ba sa zuwa koleji.

Jadawalin: Wani maganin alurar riga-kafi mai yawa, ana yin allurar rigakafin cutar sankarau na farko kusan shekara 11 ko 12, tare da kashi na biyu yana da shekara 16. Duk da haka, idan ɗalibinka ya kai shekara 16 ko sama da haka lokacin da suka fara harbawa ta farko, daya kawai suke bukata, a cewar Dr. Feemster.

Mura

CDC ta ba da shawarar cewa duk wanda ya wuce watanni 6 ya sami rigakafin mura, kuma, in ji Dokta Feemster, ɗalibai ya kamata su mai da hankali musamman game da nade hannayensu da harbi. Musamman a harabar kwaleji, inda kuke kusa da takwarorinku ɗalibai da abokai, ƙila kuna da damar samun damar fallasawa, in ji ta. Yin harbi a kowace shekara shine muhimmin bangare na ayyukan rigakafin gama gari. Bisa lafazin bincike , amma, kusan kashi 46 cikin ɗari na ɗaliban kwaleji ne ke samun rigakafin. (Wannan F darasi ne na Flu Shots 101!)

Jadawalin: Alurar rigakafin mura — wacce galibi ke karewa daga nau’ikan ƙwayoyin cuta guda uku zuwa huɗu yayin lokacin da aka ba su - ya kamata a ba su kowace shekara. FluMist kuma Flublok wasu sanannun allurar rigakafin cutar mura ne. Da CDC yana bada shawarar a harbi mura a ƙarshen Oktoba kafin tsayin lokacin mura. (Yana ɗaukar kimanin makonni biyu don ƙwayoyin cuta su gina kuma su kare cutar mura.) Idan ɗalibinka zai tafi kwaleji kafin a samar da harbi (galibi wani lokaci a watan Agusta), za su iya samun shi a harabar a sabis ɗin kiwon lafiyar ɗalibai. .

Yayinda cutar ta HPV, sankarau, da kuma allurar mura ke da mahimmanci, Dr. Feemster ya bada shawarar dubawa cewa yaranku da ke da kwaleji suna kan duk wata rigakafin da aka ba da shawara akai-akai, musamman MMR da varicella (chickenpox).

Tabbatar da duba cikakken jerin CDC na shawarar rigakafi ga manya shekaru 19 zuwa sama:

• Kwayar cutar papillomavirus (HPV): allurai 2-3 dangane da shekaru a alurar riga kafi ta farko
• Meningococcal (MenACWY da MenB): allurai 1-3 idan suna cikin haɗari
• Mura (IIV, RIV, ko LAIV): kashi 1 a kowace shekara
• Tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis (Tdap ko Td): kashi 1 na Tdap, sannan kashi 1 na ƙarfin Td kowane shekara 10
• Kyanda, mumps, rubella (MMR): allurai 1-2 idan suna cikin haɗari
• Varicella (VAR): allurai 2 idan an haifeta a ciki ko bayan 1980
• Pneumococcal (PCV13 da PPSV23): allurai 1-2 idan suna cikin haɗari
• Hepatitis (HepA da HepB): allurai 2-3 bisa allurar rigakafi
• Haemophilus mura irin na b (Hib): allurai 1-3 idan suna cikin haɗari