Menene ainihin annoba?

Labarin Kiwan Lafiya

CORONAVIRUS UPDATE: Kamar yadda masana ke koyo game da almara coronavirus, labarai da canje-canje na bayanai. Don sabon game da cutar COVID-19, da fatan za a ziyarci Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka .

Bala'i ne kyakkyawan kalma mai ban tsoro. Share aan haruffa kaɗan kuma an ba ku tsoro - kwatancen da ya dace da yadda duniya ke ji game da sabon coronavirus wanda ya bayyana a ƙarshen shekarar bara a Wuhan, China. Sabuwar cutar, wacce ake kira da suna SARS-CoV-2, a yanzu tana yin barazana ga lafiyar duniya, tana karadewa tsakanin nahiyoyi da kuma cikin al'ummomi. Yana haifar da cututtukan numfashi wanda aka yiwa lakabi da cutar coronavirus 2019, ko COVID-19.

Menene annoba?

ZUWA annoba shine yaduwar sabuwar cuta da ta ratsa kan iyaka da tekuna, in ji Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO). Kwayar cuta da kwayar cutar da mutane ba su taɓa fuskanta ba ke haifar da ita (da yawa suna fitowa daga dabbobi) ko kuma ƙwayoyin cuta da ke da juriya ga maganin rigakafi. Dole ne annoba ta annoba ta isa ga dukkan kusurwoyin duniya (ko da yake da yawa suna yi, godiya ga tafiye-tafiye na duniya). Su yi yana shafar mutane da yawa kuma galibi ana samunsu a nahiyoyi biyu ko fiye.

Coronaviruses ba sabon abu bane - a zahiri, wasu suna haifar da sanyin gama gari. Amma, wani sabon labari ya haifar da barkewar duniya, ya kamu da mutane sama da 100,000 a cikin ƙasashe da dama, daga Iran zuwa Italiya zuwa Indiya. Idan ka yi tunanin wannan sauti kamar annoba, ba za ka kasance kai kaɗai ba.

A ranar 11 ga Maris, 2020, WHO ta bayyana cewa COVID-19 a hukumance annoba ce.

Annoba da annoba

Duk da yake dukkan cututtukan annoba da annoba sun shafi mutane da yawa, akwai bambanci. Wata annoba tana faruwa yayin da cuta mai saurin yaduwa (misali, mura, HIV, ko Ebola) ke saurin yaduwa kuma wani lokacin ba zato ba tsammani ga mutane da yawa-fiye da abin da a ke tsammani a wancan lokacin da kuma a wannan yankin, ya bayyana Forungiyar Professionwararru a Tsarin Kula da Cututtuka da Ilimin Cututtuka . Wata annoba, a gefe guda, wani nau'in annoba ce mai saurin wuce gona da iri, amma tare da bambance-bambance. Idan aka kwatanta da annoba, annoba:

• Ya shafi mafi yawan mutane
• Yi yaduwa a duniya
• Sanadin ƙarin mace-mace
• Shigar da sabuwar kwayar cuta ko kwayoyin cuta masu kare kwayoyin cuta

Kuma yayin da abubuwa kamar ciwon daji, kiba, har ma cin zarafin opioid ana kiran su sau da yawa annoba, a zahiri ba su kamar yadda ba sa kamuwa da cututtuka.

Misalan annoba

Annobar annoba sun kasance tsawon ƙarni-da ƙarni da ƙarni. Ofaya daga cikin shahararrun cututtukan annoba ita ce annobar bubonic (ko Baƙin Mutuwa), wanda ya faru a Tsakiyar Zamani kuma ya kashe miliyoyi. Cutar masifa daga ƙarni na 20 galibi tana tsakiya ƙwayoyin cuta na mura shafi mura A kuma sun hada da:

• Cutar ta Spain wacce aka yi a 1918, wacce ta kashe mutane miliyan 50 a duniya
• Cutar cutar ta Asiya ta 1957
• Cutar mura ta Hongkong na 1968

Sanannun annobar cutar ƙarni na 21 sun haɗa da:

• SARS (ciwo mai tsanani na numfashi) : Wannan cutar, sanadiyyar wani kwayar cutar ta corona, ta fara ne a cikin ƙasar Sin a shekarar 2002 kuma ta ƙare da kamuwa da mutane sama da 8,000 a duk faɗin Asiya, Turai, da Arewacin da Kudancin Amurka. A Amurka, Cibiyoyin Kula da Rigakafin Cututtuka (CDC) suna cewa, 115 mutane daga jihohi 29 sunyi rashin lafiya tare da SARS.
• H1N1 cutar : Wannan kwayar cutar mura-wacce aka fi sani da cutar alade — ta fara bayyana a shekara ta 2009 kuma ba a taɓa ganin ta a cikin dabbobi ko mutane ba. Daga Afrilu 2009 zuwa Afrilu 2010, CDC ya kiyasta 284,000 mutane a duniya sun mutu daga H1N1. Cutar masassarar H1N1 ita ce annobar cutar mura da ta bayyana kwanan nan da ta shafi Amurka.
• HIV / AIDs annoba ce mai ci gaba. A shekarar 2018, kusan mutane miliyan 38 a duk duniya suna dauke da kwayar cutar HIV / AIDS.

Shin kwayar kwayar cutar kwayar cuta ce?

Ya zuwa Maris 2020, WHO ta sanya COVID-19 a matsayin annobar duniya. Tabbas ya fi damuwa fiye da kwayar cutar ta mura, kodayake, wanda kuma ke haifar da yaduwar cuta mai saurin yaduwa da kuma wani lokacin mutuwa amma ba (aƙalla wannan lokacin) sakamakon kwayar cutar ba.

COVID-19 ya bayyana da cewa ya fi cuta [fiye da mura], ya bazu cikin sauƙi, kuma yana da wahalar ƙunsa, tun da yake ana ɗauka tsakanin mutanen da ke da rauni ko babu cuta, ya bayyanaJana Shaw, MD, masaniyar farfesa a fannin ilimin yara da annoba a asibitin yara na Upstate Golisano da ke Syracuse, New York.

Yadda za a tsira daga annoba

Babu wata kyakkyawar hanyar yin tsinkaya yadda wata sabuwar kwayar cuta kamar SARS-CoV-2 zata iya fitowa. Annobar annoba na iya wucewa daga watanni zuwa shekaru. Barkewar cutar SARS, alal misali, tana cikin watanni shida. HIV / AIDs har yanzu yana gudana. A cewar rahotanni, shari'o'in COVID-19 a China da Koriya ta Kudu da alama suna tafiyar hawainiya duk da cewa suna kan hanya a wasu sassan duniya. Wasu na da kwarin gwiwar cewa kwayar cutar na iya mutuwa, kamar yadda mura da sauran ƙwayoyin cuta ke yi, yayin da yanayin dumi ke gabatowa, amma masana kiwon lafiya da yawa sun yi gargadin cewa akwai ba a sani ba da yawa game da wannan sabon kwayar, kuma zai ɗauki matakan lafiya na jama'a da gaske. (kuma ba yanayin ba) don kiyaye shi yadda yakamata.

Kuma ta yaya za a iya ƙunsar wannan sabon ɓarkewar kwayar cutar? Gwamnatoci suna aiki don yaƙar cutar ta annoba ta hanyar ba da keɓaɓɓu (yanzu an kulle Italiya), suna ba da gwaje-gwajen bincike don gano waɗanda ke da cutar, taƙaita tafiye-tafiye da haɓaka alluran rigakafi idan ya yiwu. Amma wannan yana ɗaukar lokaci da haɗin kai. Me zaka iya yi don taimakawa Kare kanka daga wannan sabon maganin coronavirus kafin nan?

COVID-19 cuta ce da ke yaɗuwa kamar mura da sauran cututtukan cututtuka na numfashi-ta hanyar ɗigon da mutanen da suka kamu suka saki lokacin da suka yi atishawa ko tari. Da CDC ya bada shawarar:

• Kasancewa gida idan ba ka da lafiya kuma ka guji duk wata tafiye-tafiye marasa mahimmanci.
• Guje wa kusanci da mutane idan zai yiwu (jami'an kiwon lafiya sun ba da shawarar a bari aƙalla ƙafa 6).
• Kiyaye hannaye daga hanci, bakinka, da idanunka.
• Atishawa ko tari a cikin nama (sa'annan a jefa shi) ko hannun riga lokacin da babu nama.
• Wanke hannayenka akai-akai da sabulu da ruwa na akalla dakika 20. Wannan yana da mahimmanci musamman bayan amfani da ban-daki, kafin cin abinci, ko bayan atishawa ko tari. Yi amfani da sabulun hannu tare da aƙalla kashi 60% na barasa lokacin da babu sabulu da ruwa.
• Shafe fuskoki masu wuya, kamar su kumbura, ƙofar ƙofa, da dai sauransu, kowace rana. CDC ta bada shawarar amfani da kayan wanka na gida da ruwa da kuma maganin kashe kwayoyin cuta. Da Cibiyar Biomide Chemistries yana da jerin samfuran da zasu iya yaƙar cutar coronavirus sosai.
• Sanya abin rufe fuska yayin fita waje da sauran mutane.

Mafi kyawun yadda kuke guje wa ɗigon ruwa, mafi kyau za ku kasance a guje wa kamuwa da cuta.