Menene cututtukan nephrotic? Dalili, cututtuka, da magani
Ilimin Kiwon LafiyaAkwai cututtukan da yawa waɗanda ke haɗuwa da rashin aikin koda. Idan ka fara lura cewa idon sawun ka suna kumbura, kana tashin hankali, ko kuma kana fama da matsalar bacci-zai iya zama da wahala ka gano dalilin da ya sa jikinka ba ya aiki a mafi kyau. Waɗannan 'yan alamun alamun lalacewar koda kenan, kuma akwai dalilai da dama da ka iya haddasa su. Nephrotic ciwo shine ɗayansu. Menene cututtukan nephrotic? Karanta don koyon musabbabi, alamun cuta, da jiyya.
Menene cututtukan nephrotic?
Ciwon ƙuruciya yana faruwa lokacin da tsarin matattarar koda ba ya aiki kamar yadda ya kamata. Wannan lahani na koda yana bawa furotin da aka saba samu a cikin jini jini ya zube cikin fitsari. Sakamakon yana da furotin da yawa a cikin fitsarinku (proteinuria) da kuma furotin kaɗan a cikin jinin ku. Rashin furotin daga cikin jini yana ba da damar ruwa wanda furotin yawanci ke rike dashi don zubewa cikin jiki, yana haifar da kumburi (wanda aka fi sani da edema).
Yana da wani rare rare yanayin da ke shafar kawai 5 cikin mutane 100,000 , amma lokacin da ba a sarrafa shi ba, zai iya yin ɓarna ga wasu tsarin jikin. Matsalolin cututtukan nephrotic sun haɗa da haɗarin saurin jini, hauhawar jini, hauhawar jini, ƙarancin jini, da saukin kamuwa da cuta. Ciwon ƙwayar cuta na Nephrotic yana dogara ne da wasu abubuwa, amma ba duka ba. Tare da magani mai dacewa, hangen nesa yana da kyau. Lokacin da ba a kula da shi ba, zai iya zama mai tsanani ya haifar da gazawar koda ko mutuwa.
Dalilin
Akwai dunkulen kananun hanyoyin jini (da ake kira glomeruli) a cikin kodanku wadanda suke tace jininka yayin da yake ratsa wannan gabar. Lalacewa ga glomeruli shine mafi yawan dalilin cututtukan nephrotic. Koyaya, akwai yanayi da yawa waɗanda zasu iya haifar da lalacewar glomerular, gami da:
- Ciwon koda in ba haka ba an san shi da ciwon sukari nephropathy. Game da rubu'in duk masu ciwon suga (duka nau'ikan nau'ikan 1 da na 2) a ƙarshe sun sami cutar koda wanda zai iya lalata glomeruli.
- Changeananan canjin cuta cuta ce ta idiopathic, ma'ana ba za a iya tantance dalilin rashin aikin ba. Ya sami sunanta ne saboda canje-canje ga kodan ba su da yawa sosai kuma ba a iya gano su a cikin kwayar halittar koda. Yana da mafi yawan dalilin cututtukan nephrotic a cikin yara, da alhakin fiye da 90% na yara da aka gano. Yaran da yawa suna girma da ƙananan canji, amma wasu suna kawo shi cikin girma. Ba shi da yawa ga manya, wanda ya ƙunshi 10% -15% kawai na cututtukan cututtukan nephrotic. Kodayake ba a san dalilin ba, amma ana iya haifar da shi ta cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin anti-inflammatory marasa steroid (NSAIDs), ciwace-ciwacen cuta, da sauran halayen rashin lafiyan.
- Yankin yanki na glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) cuta ce mai ci gaba wanda ke yin takamaiman takamaiman sassan koda. Daga dukkan manya da ke fama da cutar nephrotic, asusun FSGS na 40% daga cikinsu . Ga yara, FSGS suna ɗaukar 20% na shari'o'in. Ana iya haifar da FSGS ta cututtukan sikila, kamuwa da cuta, hulɗa da ƙwayoyi, kiba, abubuwa masu guba, da (da ƙyar) kwayoyin gado marasa kyau. Dan wasan NBA Alonzo Mourning ya karbi dashen koda ga FSGS, wanda hakan ya sa ya yi ritaya daga gasar a 2003.
- Tsarin nephropathy na membranous (PMN) musamman yana shafar koda ta glomeruli. Lokacin da isasshen furotin ya kan fita cikin fitsari, marasa lafiya suna karɓar cutar rashin lafiyar nephrotic. Zai iya faruwa a kowane zamani, amma cutar ta fi mayar da hankali ga mutanen da ke da shekaru 50-60. Mai ƙarfi 30% na marasa lafiya tare da PMN suna iya inganta yanayin su ba tare da wani magani ba kwata-kwata. Koyaya, wani kashi 30% yana da yanayin ci gaba wanda ƙarshe zai buƙaci dialysis ko dashen koda. Ga waɗanda ba su da ciwon sukari, PMN ita ce mafi yawan tushen cututtukan nephrotic a cikin manya. Yana da wuya a yara. PMN na iya haifar da cututtukan autoimmune, cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta, magunguna, da ƙari.
- Tsarin lupus erythematosus (SLE) shine mafi yawan nau'in lupus. Cuta ce mai saurin kumburi wanda ke haifar da lalacewar koda. Sauran nau'ikan na lupus na iya zama ilimin halittar nephrotic syndrome, kamar lupus podocytopathy da lupus nephritis.
- Amyloidosis yana faruwa ne lokacin da akwai haɓakar amyloid a cikin gabobin marasa lafiya. Yana da furotin mara kyau kuma ana iya ƙirƙira shi daga haɗuwa daban-daban na sunadarai.
Ciwon ƙwayar cuta yana faruwa a cikin yara da manya, amma galibi don dalilai daban-daban. Yara za a iya bincikar su da ƙananan cutar canji. Manya mafi yawan lokuta suna da cututtukan cututtukan nephrotic waɗanda suka samo asali daga ciwon sukari.
Hanyoyin haɗari
Duk wadannan cututtukan suna lalata tsarin tacewar a koda ta jiki. Bugu da ƙari, akwai abubuwan da ke ƙara haɗarin haɓaka cututtukan nephrotic:
- Binciken likita: Ciwon sikila, ciwon sukari, ciwon daji, da kuma lupus duk suna sa ya zama da alama za ku iya kamuwa da ciwon nephrotic.
- Magunguna: NSAIDs, maganin rigakafi da yawa, da wasu magunguna suna ƙara haɗarin lalacewar koda. Sanya wasu abubuwa masu guba na iya haifar da cutar koda.
- Cututtuka: HIV, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, da malaria duk suna ƙara haɗarin cutar ciwo ta nephrotic.
Yin la'akari da yanayin da kuka rigaya zai iya taimaka muku mafi kyau ku yanke shawara idan kuna cikin haɗarin cututtukan nephrotic. Bugu da ƙari, ƙayyade abin da ke haifar da lalacewar na iya taimaka wa masu ba da kiwon lafiya mafi kyau don kula da marasa lafiya.
Kwayar cututtuka
Duk da dalilai daban-daban, akwai alamun alamun alamun da zasu iya jagorantarka zuwa ga gano cututtukan cututtukan nephrotic. Lokacin da kuke da gram uku na furotin a cikin fitsari, tare da babban cholesterol, haɗe da kumburi ko ɓarkewa, to wannan shine abin da ciwon nephrotic yake, in ji shi Ahmad Oussama Rifai, MD , likitan nephrologist kuma kwararren hawan jini a asibiti kuma wanda ya kirkiro Virtual Nephrologist.
Babban alamun bayyanar sun hada da:
- Edema, ko kumburi, musamman ma idon sawun, ƙafa, fuska, da ciki — amma na iya faruwa a wani wuri a cikin jiki
- Fitsarin fitsari da aka samu sakamakon yawan furotin a fitsarin
- Rike ruwa wanda ke haifar da kiba
- Gajiya
- Rashin ci
- Babban cholesterol wanda jikinka yayi sanadiyar sake cika sunadaran da suka bata (kamar su lipids ko kuma sunadarin anti-clotting protein)
- Yawaitar cututtuka
- Rashin abinci mai gina jiki
Lokacin da aka haɗa waɗannan alamun tare da ƙaramin ƙwayar furotin mai suna albumin, yana da wani maɓallin mai nuna alamar cututtukan nephrotic, a cewar Barry Gorlitsky, MD , likitan nephrologist a Carolina Nephrology kuma Shugaba na KidneyAide.
Lokacin da za a kira mai ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya
Idan kun lura da fitsari mai kumfa, kamar kumfa daga zuba giya, da kuma ƙaruwar kumburi, lokaci yayi da za a ga likita, in ji Dokta Gorlitsky. Lokacin da kuka ziyarci mai ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya, likitanku na iya yin gwajin jini da gwajin fitsari (ko nazarin fitsari).
Dr. Rifai yayi bayani dalla-dalla game da gwaji: Yin fitsari shine mafi arha gwajin magani a tarihin ɗan adam tare da adadin bayanan da zai baka. Gwajin $ 0.07 ne a zahiri wanda zai baku bayanai guda 10, gami da ciwon suga, furotin a cikin fitsari, jini cikin fitsari, bilirubin, cutar hanta, jaundice, raunin tsoka. Ciwon ƙuruciya cuta ce guda ɗaya wacce gwajin fitsari ke taimakawa wajen ganowa. Ana iya yin wannan gwajin a gida ko kuma a ofishin likita.
Kwayar halittar koda na iya taimakawa gano asalin abin da ke haifar da alamunku. Binciken cutar na iya zama tsari mai rikitarwa lokacin da kwayar koda ba ta samar da cikakken bayani ba, ko sakamako a cikin madubin hangen nesa (lokacin da ba za ka iya ganin wani abu na rubutu a cikin kwayar halitta ta al'ada ba). Bayan haka, Dr. Rafai yayi bayanin likita na iya yin tabo na musamman, microscopy electron, ko microscopy na rigakafi. Dangane da hakan, zamu yanke shawarar menene ilimin halittar jiki da yadda za'a magance wannan, in ji Dr. Rifai.
Idan kun karɓi ganewar asali game da cutar canji kaɗan daga kwayar halitta guda ɗaya, kuna iya neman biopsy na biyu daga wani ɓangaren koda daban. Wannan saboda FSGS (wanda ke da hankali da yanki, kamar yadda sunan ya nuna) yana faruwa a wasu sassan koda, amma ba wasu ba.
Dr. Rifai ya kamanta da koda da wani lambu, wanda ke da bangarori daban-daban na daji, furanni, da bishiyoyi. Ya kara da cewa, Idan bakayi rashin sa'ar daukar kwayar halitta ba daga wani bangare na koda, to zaka sanyashi a matsayin cutar canji kadan amma a zahiri FSGS ce. Saboda FSGS na cigaba ne, wannan na iya zama mai haɗari.
Dangantaka: Gwajin Creatinine, jeri na al'ada, da yadda ake ƙasa da matakan
Yadda ake sarrafa cututtukan nephrotic
Kowane mutum da ke fama da cutar nephrotic daban yake, amma da yake akwai dalilai da yawa, akwai magunguna masu yuwuwa da yawa.
- Vitamin D: Wannan sinadarin gina jiki yana taimakawa wajen daidaita aikin koda. Marasa lafiya na cututtukan Nephrotic galibi suna amfani da kari na Vitamin D, ban da asalin halitta, don taimaka musu cikin maganin su.
- Canje-canje na abinci: Kwararrun likitoci galibi suna bayar da shawarar gyara na abinci mai gina jiki don rage furotin a cikin fitsari da ƙarin riƙe ruwa. Musamman, marasa lafiya na iya zuwa cin abinci mai ƙarancin sodium (yawanci ƙasa da MG 1,000 na sodium a kowace rana) da kuma rage cin furotin. Har ila yau, yana da kyau a rage yawan cin mai.
Dangantaka: Babban zaɓin maganin triglyceride
- Magani: Akwai nau'ikan magunguna da yawa wanda likitan ku na iya tsarawa, gwargwadon abubuwan da ke haifar da alamunku.
- Steroid don taimakawa wajen rage kumburin ‘glomeruli kumburi
- Masu gyara tsarin rigakafi don taimakawa don magance matsalolin matsalolin rayuwa, kamar su lupus ko magungunan ciwon sukari
- Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) masu hanawa don rage hawan jini
- Diuretics, ko kwayoyi na ruwa, don rage riƙe ruwa da kumburi
- Rage jinin jini, ko magungunan rage jini, don rage barazanar daskarewa
Akwai kawai 'yan kwayoyi da ake nufi musamman don nephrotic ciwo. Mafi yawan waɗannan magungunan ana amfani dasu ta hanyar lakabi don sauƙaƙe alamun cutar.
| Magunguna waɗanda ke magance cututtukan nephrotic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Sunan magunguna | Ajin magani | Yadda yake aiki | Samo coupon |
| Prinivil, Qbrelis, Zestril (lisinopril) | Masu hana ACE | Yana rage karfin jini | Samo coupon |
| Lotensin (benazepril) | Masu hana ACE | Yana rage karfin jini | Samo coupon |
| Vasotec (captopril / enalapril) | Masu hana ACE | Yana rage karfin jini | Samo coupon |
| Lasix (furosemide) | Diuretics | Rage yawan riƙe ruwa don rage kumburi | Samo coupon |
| Aldactone, Carospir (spironolactone) | Masu karɓar rashi | Rage yawan riƙe ruwa don rage kumburi | Samo coupon |
| Zaroxolyn (hydrochlorothiazide ko metolazone) | Thiazides | Rage yawan riƙe ruwa don rage kumburi | Samo coupon |
| Lipitor (atorvastatin) | Masu hana HMG-CoA reductase (statins) | Yana rage cholesterol | Samo coupon |
| Lescol XL (fluvastatin) | Masu hana HMG-CoA reductase (statins) | Yana rage cholesterol | Samo coupon |
| Altoprev (syeda) | Masu hana HMG-CoA reductase (statins) | Yana rage cholesterol | Samo coupon |
| Pravachol(pravastatin) | Masu hana HMG-CoA reductase (statins) | Yana rage cholesterol | Samo coupon |
| Crestor(amsar) | Masu hana HMG-CoA reductase (statins) | Yana rage cholesterol | Samo coupon |
| Zocor(simvastatin) | Masu hana HMG-CoA reductase (statins) | Yana rage cholesterol | Samo coupon |
| Jantoven(warfarin) | Anticoagulants | Rage girman haɗarin jini | Samo coupon |
| Pradaxa(dabigatran) | Kai tsaye masu hana yaduwar thrombin | Rage girman haɗarin jini | Samo coupon |
| Eliquis(apixaban) | Masu hanawa na Factor Xa | Rage girman haɗarin jini | Samo coupon |
| Xarelto(rivaroxaban foda) | Masu hanawa na Factor Xa | Rage girman haɗarin jini | Samo coupon |
| Rituxan(tsarkaka) | Magungunan Monoclonal | Yana rage garkuwar jiki da ke haifar da kumburi | Samo coupon |
| Tsakar Gida(prednisone)) | Corticosteroids | Shigar da gafara ta hanyar warware proteinuria | Samo coupon |
Ko da lokacin da ake sarrafa alamun ka ta hanyar cin abinci, kari, da magani, dole ne ka kasance a faɗake don bayyanar cututtuka a nan gaba. Dokta Gorlitsky ya ce, Sau da yawa za mu ci gaba da sanya ido lokaci-lokaci don tabbatar da cewa babu fitina. Wannan yana ba marasa lafiya da ƙungiyar likitocin su damar gudanar da waɗancan fuskokin yayin da suka zo.
