Main >> Bayanin Magunguna >> Jerin opioids: Amfani, shahararrun samfuran yau da kullun, da bayanan aminci

Jerin opioids: Amfani, shahararrun samfuran yau da kullun, da bayanan aminci

Bayanin Bayanin Maganin Opioids yana aiki ta hanyar toshe alamun da ke tafiya zuwa ƙwaƙwalwar da ke rajistar ciwo. Ara koyo game da amfani da opioid da aminci a nan.

Gudanar da jin zafi shine batun da ke karɓar hankali sosai a masana'antar kiwon lafiya ta yau. Ofaya daga cikin dalilan gama gari mutane suna zuwa kantin magani shine don samun maganin ciwo. Magungunan da ke rage ciwo ana kiran su analgesics. Ana samun tiyata a kan-kanti da kuma takardar magani. Don haka, ta yaya kuka san wane maganin cutar da ya dace da shi naka zafi? Wannan tambaya ce mai mahimmanci don maganin ciwo mai tasiri.

Don ciwo mai tsanani-bayan tiyata ko rauni mai rauni, alal misali-opioids su ne mafi mahimmancin analgesics don jin zafi. Idan ka taɓa karya ƙashi ko kuma an cire haƙori masu hikimarka, ƙila ka saba da wasu sanannun kayan magani irin su Percocet, Lortab, ko Tylenol # 3. A cikin wannan labarin, zamu sake nazarin mahimman bayanai game da magungunan opioid – haɗe da kaddarorinsu, sunayen samfuran yau da kullun, da amintaccen amfani.

Jerin opioids
Suna na kowa	Sunayen sunaye	Matsakaicin farashin tsabar kudi	SingleCare tanadi	Moreara sani
Acetaminophen-codeine # 3	Tylenol # 3	$ 13.92 a kowace 20, 300-30 mg mg	Samo takardun shaida	Moreara sani
Buprenorphine	Buprenex, Subutex, Butrans, Belbuca	$ 52.48 a cikin 10, 8 MG Allunan	Samo takardun shaida	Moreara sani
Fentanyl	Actiq, Abstral, Duragesic, Fentora, Biyan kuɗi	$ 149 a kowace 10, 25 mcg / hr faci	Samo takardun shaida	Moreara sani
Hydrocodone-acetaminophen	Norco, Lortab, Lorcet, Xodol, Hycet	$ 14.73 a kowace 12, 5-325 MG Allunan	Samo takardun shaida	Moreara sani
Hydartodone bitartrate	Zohydro ER, Hysingla ER	$ 283 a kowace 30, 10 mg capsules	Samo takardun shaida	Moreara sani
Hydrocodone-homatropine	Hycodan, Hydromet	$ 37.52 a kowace 30, 5-1.5 MG Allunan	Samo takardun shaida (kwamfutar hannu) Sami takardun shaida (ruwa)	Moreara sani
Wayar lantarki	Dilaudid, Exalgo	$ 21.15 a cikin 30, 2 MG Allunan	Samo takardun shaida	Moreara sani
Meperidine	Demerol	$ 3.90 a kowace 1mL na 50 mg / mL	Samo takardun shaida	Moreara sani
Methadone	Dolophine, Methadose, Diskets	$ 42.84 a cikin 90, 10 MG Allunan	Samo takardun shaida	Moreara sani
Morphine (fadadawa)	Kadian, MS Contin, Morphabond	$ 74.26 a kowace 60, 15 MG Allunan	Samo takardun shaida	Moreara sani
Morphine sulfate (sakin nan da nan)	Roxanol (an daina aiki)	$ 41.37 a cikin 60, 15 MG Allunan	Samo takardun shaida (kwamfutar hannu) Sami takardun shaida (ruwa)	Moreara sani
Oxycodone-acetaminophen	Percocet, Endocet, Roxicet, Xartemis XR	$ 14.10 a cikin 12, 5-325 MG Allunan	Samo takardun shaida	Moreara sani
Oxycodone-asfirin	Percodan, Endodan	$ 264 a kowace 120, 4.83-325 mg Allunan	Samo takardun shaida	Moreara sani
Oxycodone (fitarwa nan take)	Oxaydo, Roxicodone	$ 118 a cikin 120, 10 MG Allunan	Samo takardun shaida	Moreara sani
Oxycodone (fadada-saki)	Oxycontin, Xtampza ER	$ 316 a cikin 60, 10 MG Allunan	Samo takardun shaida	Moreara sani
Tapentadol	Nucynta, Nucynta ER	$ 274.57 a kowace 30, 50 MG Allunan	Samo takardun shaida	Moreara sani
Tramadol	Ultram	$ 47.14 a cikin 60, 50 MG Allunan	Samo takardun shaida	Moreara sani

Sauran opioids

Sinadarin Codeine
Duramorph (ingin infin inabin)
Hydrocodone-ibuprofen
Wayar wayar salula
Oxycodone da naloxone (Targiniq ER)
Tramadol-acetaminophen (Ultracet)

Da ke ƙasa akwai fewan magungunan opioid da ake amfani dasu don magance yanayi banda ciwo:

Opium tincture na gudawa
Loperamide (Imodium) don gudawa
Diphenoxylate-atropine (Lomotil) don gudawa
Hydrocodone-chlorpheniramine (Vituz) don tari
Buprenorphine-naloxone (Suboxone, Zubsolv) don cutar rashin amfani da opioid

Menene opioids?

Opioids rukuni ne na magungunan da ake amfani dasu don taimakawa matsakaici zuwa mai zafi mai tsanani. Opioids ana kuma kiransa narcotics. Kalmar narcotic wasu mutane suna amfani da ita don komawa zuwa haramtattun magunguna, amma a fasaha yana nufin opioids. Opioids na doka ne lokacin da aka siya tare da takardar magani da aka bayar daidai da dokokin tarayya da na jihohi.

Opioids na faruwa ne ta yanayi; opium, morphine, da codeine sun samo asali ne daga itacen Asiya na opium poppy. Ana gyaran opioids na roba a cikin lab. Wadannan sun hada da oxycodone, hydrocodone, fentanyl, da sauran su.

Ta yaya opioids ke aiki?

Akwai wasu kwayoyi wadanda suke faruwa a cikin jikin mu wadanda ake kira endorphins. Endorphins suna ɗaure kuma suna kunna wasu masu karɓa a cikin tsarin mai juyayi. Gaba ɗaya, ana kiran masu karɓa daban-daban azaman masu karɓar opioid. Lokacin da aka kunna, masu karɓar sakonni suna toshe siginar da ke tafiya zuwa ƙwaƙwalwar da ke rajistar ciwo. Baya ga dusashewar ciwo, wannan na iya haifar da nutsuwa da farin ciki.

Yanayi na yau da kullun wanda endorphins ke haifar da wannan tasirin shine yayin motsa jiki. Magungunan opioid suna kwaikwayon endorphins na jiki ta hanyar kunna masu karɓar opioid har zuwa mafi girma. Wasu magungunan opioid suna da tasirinsu cikin sauri. Ana amfani da waɗannan don magance ciwo mai nasara (ciwo mai tsanani wanda ke ɗaukar ɗan gajeren lokaci).

Fadada-sakin opioids suna aiki a hankali amma don tsawan lokaci. Ana amfani da waɗannan sau da yawa don taimakawa ƙananan ƙananan ciwo a cikin yini da rana yayin rage amfani da opioids mai saurin-saki, waɗanda ƙila za su zama masu al'ada.

Me ake amfani da opioids?

Ana amfani da opioids don magance matsakaici zuwa ciwo mai tsanani. Wadannan al'amuran likita masu alaƙa suna da alaƙa da amfani da opioid:

Ciwon daji kamar cutar sankarar bargo , cutar kansar mafitsara , ciwon hanji , kansar nono , da sauransu
Kulawa mai kwantar da hankali
Rikicin sikila
Amosanin gabbai (gami da cututtukan zuciya na psoriatic, rheumatoid arthritis, da osteoarthritis)
Rashin amfani da Opioid
Sciatica
Bayan tiyata
Dutse na koda
Ciwon kai na Migraine
Ciwon tsoka (kamar ƙananan ciwon baya )
Opioids a cikin ƙananan allurai an haɗa su tare da wasu kayan haɗin don bi da su tari ko gudawa .

Wanene zai iya shan opioids?

Jarirai, yara, da matasa

An tsara opioids don yara da matasa don taimakawa jin zafi bayan tiyata. Ba duk opioids bane ya dace da wannan rukunin shekarun ba. Fentanyl, morphine, da methadone ana amfani dasu a cikin kowane zamani. Ba a nuna Oxycodone da hydromorphone don amfani a cikin yara ƙanana da watanni 6. Ba a nuna Hydrocodone don amfani a cikin marasa lafiya ƙasa da shekaru 2.

A cikin 2017, FDA sanya takunkumi kan amfani da codeine da tramadol a cikin yara , saboda tsananin matsalar numfashi. Musamman, bai kamata a yi amfani da codeine a cikin yara 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 12 ba, kuma bai kamata a yi amfani da tramadol ga yara' yan ƙasa da shekaru 18 ba. Ba a ba da shawarar Meperidine don amfani a cikin marasa lafiyar yara saboda tarawar wani abu mai guba wanda zai iya haifar da guba a cikin kamuwa da cuta, musamman ma waɗanda ke fama da rashin aikin koda.

Manya

Opioids na da lafiya don amfani a cikin manya idan an ɗauke su na ɗan gajeren lokaci kuma kamar yadda mai ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya ya tsara. Abubuwan da suka fi dacewa sune sakamakon cututtukan tsarin kulawa na tsakiya (CNS), wanda ya haɗa da bacci, nutsuwa, da nakasar psychomotor. Wasu marasa lafiya na iya fuskantar lalacewar ƙwaƙwalwa ko rikicewa. Duk mutanen da ke amfani da opioids ya kamata su fahimci haɗarin da ke tattare da dogaro, jaraba, da wuce gona da iri. Wadannan haɗarin suna ƙaruwa yayin amfani da opioids.

Tsofaffi

Hakanan ya kamata a guji amfani da opioid lokacin da zai yiwu a cikin yawan masu yawan tsufa. Yin amfani da opioids a cikin tsofaffi yana ƙara haɗarin faɗuwa, saboda suna iya haifar da ataxia, rashin aikin psychomotor, da syncope. Idan ba a sami wasu amintattun hanyoyin maye ba, za a iya ba da maganin opioids a mafi inganci mafi inganci-yawanci kashi 25% zuwa 50% na yawan girma-sannan a daidaita bisa haƙuri.

Dabbobin gida

Biyu opioids suna da izinin FDA don amfani a cikin dabbobi; buprenorphine an yarda da amfani a cikin kuliyoyi, yayin da butorphanol an yarda da amfani a kuliyoyi, karnuka, da dawakai. Eterwararrun likitocin dabbobi za su riƙa ba da umarnin 'kashe-lakabin' opioids don amfani a cikin dabbobin gida. Misali, ana amfani da hydrocodone don magance ciwo da tari a cikin karnuka. Tramadol ana yawaita sanya shi don magance ciwo a cikin karnuka da kuliyoyi.

Shin opioids suna da lafiya?

Duk opioids suna da haɗari ga jarabar cutar ta opioid, zagi, da rashin amfani. Cibiyar Nazarin Magunguna ta Kasa rahotanni cewa fiye da Amurkawa miliyan 2 suna cin zarafin opioids kuma cewa fiye da 90 opioid yawan mutuwa yana faruwa a Amurka kowace rana. Yaduwar amfani da cutar ta opioid da kuma yin amfani da magani fiye da kima babban rikici ne na lafiyar jama'a wanda ake yawan kira shi da annobar opioid . Don rage haɗarin cin zarafin opioid, Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna ta Amurka (FDA) ta ɗauki matakai da yawa don shiryar da marasa lafiya da masu rubutun magunguna game da amintar su.

A cikin 2016, FDA ta sanar da sabon bukata cewa fitowar opioids nan da nan sun hada da gargadin akwatin baki a kan lakabinsu, yin bayani dalla-dalla game da barazanar su ta amfani da su da zagi, wanda ka iya haifar da jaraba, yawan wuce gona da iri, da mutuwa.

A wannan shekarar, FDA ta buƙaci gargadin bak'i don opioids wanda ke bayyana haɗarin amfani da opioids tare da wasu masu juyayi masu juyayi, ciki har da benzodiazepines. Waɗannan nau'ikan nau'ikan maganin ƙwayoyi guda biyu, idan aka haɗu tare, na iya haifar da zurfin laulayi, ɓacin rai, cutarwa, da mutuwa.

A cikin 2020, FDA ta buƙaci hakan lakabi don opioids sun haɗa da shawarwari don yin magana da ƙwararren masanin kiwon lafiya game da amfani da naloxone - maganin guba da ake amfani da shi don magance yawan kwayar cutar ta opioid.

Amfani da opioids na dogon lokaci shine ba da shawarar don ciwo mai tsanani banda ciwo mai nasaba da cutar kansa. A zahiri, amfani da opioids na dogon lokaci na iya haifar da wasu nau'ikan ciwo mai tsanani kuma ya sanya marasa lafiya cikin haɗari mafi girma don dogaro da opioid.

Idan aka yi amfani dashi da kyau, amfani da likita na gajeren lokaci na opioids na iya zama mai aminci kuma da wuya ya haifar da dogaro. Don kaucewa yawan abin maye, koyaushe kuyi aikin opioids kamar yadda aka umurta akan lakabin kunshin.

Opioid ya tuna

Duk wani magani da aka saye a kasuwa ya zama dole a tuna da shi idan masana'anta ko hukumomin da ke kula da ita sun san cewa yana iya zama mara lahani ko kuma mai cutarwa. Da ke ƙasa an ba da tunatarwa kwanan nan don samfuran opioid:

Hospira, Inc. ya tuno da allurar wayar lantarki a ranar 13 ga Afrilu, 2020, saboda yuwuwar fanko ko fashe gilashin gilasai. Duk kayayyakin da abin ya shafa tuni sun kare.

Alvogen Ya tuna da facinsu na fentanyl transdermal saboda mislabeling samfura a cikin Yuli 2019. smallananan katunan katun sun ƙunshi facin fentanyl na ƙarfin da ba daidai ba. Duk kayayyakin da abin ya shafa tuni sun kare.

Sabis ɗin PharMEDium, LLC ya tuno da allurar wayar lantarki saboda kasancewar sulfite - bayanin lakabtawa don samfurin ya yi iƙirarin cewa samfurin ya zama ba tare da sulfite ba. Bayyanawa ga sulfite na iya haifar da mummunan halayen marasa lafiya tare da rashin lafiyan sulfite. Duk kayayyakin da abin ya shafa tuni sun kare.

Restrictionsuntatawa na Opioids

Ya kamata a guji opioids a cikin marasa lafiya tare da tarihin amfani da abu ko shan kwaya saboda suna da damar kasancewa ta al'ada.

Yi amfani da taka tsantsan yayin shan duk wani magani na opioid idan har ka taɓa samun mai saurin ɗaukar nauyin wani opioid. Abu ne na yau da kullun ga opioids don haifar da sakin histamine, wanda ke haifar da itching. Wannan ba rashin lafiyan gaske bane. Gaskiyar rashin lafia ga wakilan opioid sun haɗa da anaphylaxis ko angioedema. Saboda kamanceceniya a cikin tsarin sunadarai, yana yiwuwa a sami ƙwarewar giciye tare da opioids ban da wakilin laifi na asali.

Bai kamata ayi amfani da opioids a cikin marasa lafiya tare da yanayin numfashi ba kamar yadda ƙarancin numfashi zai iya tsanantawa ta opioids.

Kada a yi amfani da opioids a cikin marasa lafiya tare da sanannen ko ake zargi da toshewar hanji (GI), gami da ciwon shan inna, kamar yadda opioids na iya rage tasirin motsin GI da mahimmanci.

Marasa lafiya tare da cutar hanta ko koda ya kamata a kula da su sosai yayin da suke kan opioids. Da alama ana buƙatar daidaita abubuwan su don kauce wa matakan haɗari na baƙin ciki na CNS.

Shin zaku iya shan opioids yayin ciki ko nono?

Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka (CDC) suna ba da shawarar hana amfani da opioid yayin da suke ciki ko shayarwa idan za a iya samun hanyoyin da ba su da aminci. Baya ga haɗarin rashin amfani (wanda ka iya haifar da cutarwa ga uwar), amfani da opioids tsawon lokaci yayin ɗaukar ciki ko yayin shayarwa na iya cutar da yaron. Opioids suna haye mahaifa, saboda haka sabbin yara suna fuskantar tasirin su. Dangane da CDC, wannan na iya haifar da haihuwar da ba a haifa ba, ƙarancin ci gaban tayi, da lahani na haihuwa (gami da lahani na bututun ciki, glaucoma, lahani na ciki, da nakasar zuciya da ake samu). Abu ne na yau da kullun ga jarirai da aka fallasa su opioids a lokacin daukar ciki don haɓaka dogaro da jariri.

Kwayar cututtukan cututtukan opioid sun hada da amai, gudawa, rashin samun nauyi, kuka mai karfi, yanayin bacci mara kyau, bacin rai, motsa jiki, da rawar jiki. Wannan yanayin na iya zama barazanar rai ba tare da jinya da wuri ba. Tsananin tsanani ya dogara ne da yanayin uwa da kuma yawan mita.

Shin abubuwan sarrafawa ne?

Saboda damar da suke da ita na cin zarafi da rashin amfani, opioids an sanya su a matsayin abubuwa masu sarrafawa ta Enungiyar forarfafa Magunguna ta Amurka (DEA). Kusan dukkanin opioids an jera su azaman Jadawalin II abubuwa masu sarrafawa. Magunguna a cikin wannan rukunin sune mafi ƙayyadaddun tsari na duk magungunan sayan magani. Akwai wasu 'yan kaɗan, kamar buprenorphine, tramadol, da acetaminophen-codeine. Wadannan har yanzu abubuwa ne masu sarrafawa amma suna da ƙarancin hani akan amfani da su. Tsarin jadawalin, da takamaiman magunguna da aka sanya wa kowane jadawalin, na iya bambanta tsakanin jihohi bisa ga Dokokin Gudanar da Abubuwan statea'ida.

Rawanin gama gari na opioids

Akwai sakamako masu illa da yawa na kowa ga duk magungunan opioid. Yawancin waɗannan cututtukan sakamakon sakamako ne na baƙin ciki na CNS. Waɗannan illolin na iya ƙaruwa ta wasu abubuwan da ke haifar da ɓacin rai na CNS, kamar su benzodiazepines, giya, da kuma barbiturates. Wadannan sun hada da:

Bacci
Rikicewa
Rikicin bacci
Rashin tabin hankali
Dyspnea (wahalar numfashi)

Magungunan opioid suma suna jinkirin sashin gastrointestinal. Wannan yana haifar da sakamako masu illa kamar:

Tashin zuciya / amai
Maƙarƙashiya

Opioids yana haifar da sakin histamine, wanda zai iya haifar da:

Pruritus (itching)
Rash
Flushing

Idan kuna shan shan magani na opioid na tsawan lokaci, bai kamata ku tsaya ba zato ba tsammani zaku iya fuskantar bayyanar cututtuka. Dole likitan ku ya jagoranci jinkirin jinkirta dakatar da miyagun ƙwayoyi lafiya.

Nawa ne kudin opioids?

Yawancin opioids ana samun su gaba ɗaya a kan farashi mai arha, yawanci ƙasa da $ 20 tare da SingleCare coupon . Wasu opioids na yau da kullun a cikin wannan tsadar farashin sun haɗa da tramadol, oxycodone, allunan buprenorphine, da janar Percocet, Lortab, da Tylenol # 3. Wasu opioids suna da tsada sosai.

Misali, wayar saurarar wayar salula yawanci tana kashe fiye da $ 500 don jarabawar (ko $ 111.81 tare da coupon SingleCare). Wasu opioids - kamar Nucynta - ana tallata su ne kawai a ƙarƙashin sunan alama, wanda ya sa suka ƙara tsada (Nucynta yana kusan $ 274 don samar da kwanaki 30 a mafi yawan shagunan sayar da magani).

Shirye-shiryen inshora yawanci suna lissafin yawancin kayan kwayar cuta a cikin Tier 1, wanda shine mafi ƙarancin farashin tsaran magunguna.

Shirye-shiryen inshora zasu iyakance yawan maganin opioid da zasu rufe a cikin wani lokaci. Doctors na iya gabatar da fom izini kafin kamfanin inshora idan mai haƙuri yana buƙatar ƙarami fiye da shirin yawanci yana ba da dama. Misali, tsare-tsaren inshora da yawa zasu rufe wadatar kwanaki 7 ne kawai a karo na farko da mai karba ya karbi takardar maganin opioid yayin amfani da shirin lafiyarsu.

Sauran iyakokin ɗaukar hoto na iya amfani dangane da yanayin da ake bi da su. Misali, maganin methadone ya kasance ta tsarin likitanci ba ta hanyar ɗaukar magani ba idan ana amfani dashi don maganin jaraba, maimakon ciwo.

Kafin ka cika takaddun ka na opioid, duba tare da SingleCare don tabbatar kuna biyan mafi ƙarancin farashin da zai yiwu.