Abin da ya kamata iyaye su sani game da ciwo na Reye

Ilimin Kiwon Lafiya

Menene cutar ta Reye? | Kwayar cututtuka | Ganewar asali | Jiyya | Rigakafin

Idan kai mahaifi ne, zaka iya sani cewa bai kamata ka baiwa aspirin wani yaro mai cutar kaza ko mura ba. Dalilin haka shi ne rage haɗarin mummunan yanayi da kuma mummunar cuta da ake kira Reye's syndrome, ko Reye syndrome, wanda ke haifar da larurar hanta da kumburi a cikin kwakwalwa kuma yana da alaƙa da amfani da asfirin a cikin yara da matasa masu ƙwayoyin cuta cututtuka kamar mura, varicella (wanda ke haifar da cutar kaza), cututtukan fili na babba, da COVID-19, wanda ke faruwa sanadiyyar littafin coronavirus.

A 1980, Cibiyoyin Kula da Rigakafin Cututtuka (CDC) sun rubuta shari’a 555 na Ciwan Reye a Amurka. Abin farin, wannan shekarar an fara faɗakarwa game da amfani da asfirin ga yara , kuma tun daga 1994 ba a sami rahoton ƙararraki biyu sau ɗaya a kowace shekara a duk faɗin ƙasar.

A cikin shekarun 80, kusan 1 a cikin kowane yara 100,000 sun samu — yanzu, kusan 1 cikin miliyan ne, in ji Amy Cram, MD, likitan yara tare da Kungiyar Likitocin Arewa maso Gabas . Wannan ya fi yawa saboda mun san cewa amfani da asfirin a matsayin mai rage zazzaɓi ko maganin kumburi yana ƙara haɗarin.

Yawancin yara (kimanin 80%) waɗanda suka kamu da cutar ta Reye suna rayuwa, amma yana buƙatar kulawa da shi nan da nan, sau da yawa a cikin sashin kulawa na asibiti na asibiti. Idan ba a magance shi ba, Ciwon na Reye na iya haifar da lalacewar ƙwaƙwalwa ta dindindin ko mutuwa cikin justan kwanaki kaɗan.

Dangantaka: Menene mafi kyawu na magance zafi ko rage zazzabi ga yara?

Menene cutar ta Reye?

Reye’s syndrome cuta ce da kusan a koyaushe ake samun ta ga yara da matasa matasa ‘yan ƙasa da shekaru 18— galibi waɗanda ke da shekaru 4 zuwa 12 —Amma yana iya shafar mutane na kowane zamani. Doctors ba su sani ba daidai abin da ke haifar da ciwo na Reye, amma koyaushe yana bin wata rashin lafiya kuma galibi ana danganta shi da amfani da magunguna da ke ɗauke da asfirin a cikin yara waɗanda ke da ƙwayoyin cuta.

Asfirin, wanda aka fi sani da acetylsalicylic acid, salicylic acid, ko acetylsalicylate, shine mafi yawan amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi mai sauƙin ciwo a cikin tarihi . Yana aiki ta hanyar hana haɓakar jiki na prostaglandins, waɗanda mahaukaci ne waɗanda enzymes ke samarwa a cikin jiki waɗanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin maganin kumburi na jiki ga kamuwa da cuta ko rauni.

Lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi don cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta, asfirin na iya shafar mitochondria na mutum, waɗanda ƙananan ƙananan abubuwa ne a cikin ƙwayoyin da ake kira waɗanda ke samar da ƙarfin gudanar da tantanin halitta.

Aspirin a cikin yanayin rashin lafiyar ƙwayar cuta, kamar mura ko kaza, yana haifar da rauni na mitochondrial, in ji Nathan Friday, Pharm.D., Wani likitan kantin magani Kroger . Kuma wannan yana haifar da matsalar hanta.

Wannan rashin aikin mitochondrial din na iya haifar da tarin ammoniya - wata hanyar samar da kuzari a cikin jini. Wannan yanayin, da ake kira hyperammonemia, na iya haifar da kumburi a cikin kwakwalwa da kuma kara matsin lamba a kan kwakwalwa yayin da yake matsawa kan kwanyar. Adadin kumburi da matsin lamba suna tantance tsananin alamun alamun rashin lafiyar mutum.

Alamun ciwo na Reye

Kodayake yana shafar dukkan gabobin jiki, Ciwon Reye yana cutar da kwakwalwa da hanta. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa, a cikin likitocin kiwon lafiya, an bayyana shi azaman: mai saurin cutar eninflammatory encephalopathy tare da gazawar hanta mai mai. Encephalopathy, yanayin da ke canza aiki ko tsarin kwakwalwa, ita ce alama mafi haɗari ta cututtukan Reye, amma yana da matukar wuya a gane har sai an riga an yi ɓarna ga ƙwaƙwalwar kuma alamun rashin lafiya sun bayyana.

Alamu yawanci suna bayyana kwana uku zuwa biyar bayan fara kamuwa da kwayar cuta kuma yawanci ana farawa da farat ɗaya, ci gaba da amai, kodayake a yara da ke ƙasa da shekara 2, alamar farko na iya zama gudawa . Yawan amai yawanci yakan biyo baya ne ta yawan kasala ko kuma bacci mai kamari; duk da haka, yara ƙasa da watanni 12 na iya gabatarwa ba tare da yin amai ba. Kwayoyin cuta na jijiyoyi sannan fara bayyana cikin 24 zuwa 48 na gaba kuma na iya haɗawa da:

• bacin rai
• rashin natsuwa
• rikicewa
• canjin mutum
• ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya

Yayinda rashin lafiya ke ci gaba cikin sauri kuma kwakwalwa ke ci gaba da lalacewa saboda kumburi da matsin lamba, ƙarin alamomin na iya haɗawa da:

• latedananan yara
• rikicewa ko rikicewa
• mafarki
• m ko saurin numfashi
• saurin bugun zuciya
• rasa sani

Baya ga alamomin jijiyoyin jiki, Ciwan na Reye na iya haifar da ɗimbin kitse a cikin hanta da sauran gabobi. Tsananin bayyanar cututtuka da hangen nesa don dawowa ya bambanta sosai kuma ya dogara da yawan lalacewar da aka yiwa kwakwalwa. Wasu mutane suna da alamun rashin lafiya kuma suna murmurewa sosai. Wasu kuma an bar su da wani rauni na hankali ko na jiki.

A cikin mawuyacin hali, lalacewar kwakwalwa na iya haifar da kamuwa, shanyewar hannu da ƙafafu, suma, da ƙarshe mutuwa. Da yawan mace-macen Reye's syndrome ya kasance kusan 50%, amma wannan adadin ya ragu zuwa ƙasa da 20% a cikin recentan shekarun nan.

Ta yaya ake gano cututtukan Reye?

Ganewar asali da magani suna da mahimmanci tare da Reye's syndrome, don haka kowane jariri, yaro, ko saurayi da ya kamu da ƙwayar cuta kwanan nan kuma ya nuna duk wani alamun cutar Reye's syndrome ya kamata a kai shi ɗakin gaggawa na asibiti da sauri. Don ganewar asali, yana da mahimmanci masu kulawa su samar da cikakken tarihin likita na duka magunguna, gami da kan-kan-kan, kari, da bitamin, wanda mai haƙuri ya sha.

Ganewar asali yawanci yana farawa ne ta hanyar gwajin jini da gwajin fitsari don bincika abubuwa kamar ɗaga fat-acid ko matakan ammoniya a cikin jini. Gwajin sunadarai na hanta, musamman, na iya zama mai taimako. Sakamakon zai iya zama a shirye cikin hoursan awanni kaɗan, kuma gwaje-gwajen na iya gano matakan da aka ɗauka na wasu enzymes da aka samar da hanta a cikin jini. Babban matakan waɗannan enzymes alama ce ta cututtukan Reye's syndrome.

Yawancin wasu rikice-rikice na iya haifar da bayyanar cututtuka waɗanda suke kama da Reye's syndrome, don haka ɓangare na ganewar asali zai kunshi zartar da yanayi kamar:

• rikicewar maganin mai-acid da sauran lamuran aikin hanta
• kurakurai da aka haifa na maye da sauran rikicewar rayuwa
• amfani da abu, sha, ko bayyanar da gubobi
• cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta na tsakiya irin su encephalitis (kumburin ƙwaƙwalwa) da sankarau (kumburi da membran ɗin masu tsaro da ke kewaye da kwakwalwa da jijiyoyin baya)
• tabin hankali

A wasu lokuta, ana iya yin famfo na kashin baya don gano karin matsi a cikin ruwan sanyin jiki (CSF). A cikin wannan aikin, wanda kuma ake kira hujin lumbar, ana saka allura ta cikin ƙananan baya zuwa cikin sarari tare da ɓangaren kashin baya, kuma an cire ƙananan adadin CSF don gwaji. Hakanan wani lokacin ana iya gano ƙarin hawan intracranial ta hanyar hoton maganadisu (MRI) ko na'urar daukar hoto ta hanyar komputa (CT), kuma likitoci na iya yin odar ɗayan waɗannan gwaje-gwajen wajen tantance dalilin.

Magungunan Reye na ciwo

Jiyya don ciwo na Reye ya kamata ya fara da wuri-wuri don taimakawa jinkirin ci gaban rashin lafiya.

A lokacin da yara masu fama da ciwo na Reye [ko kuma wani yaro tare kowane rashin lafiya] suna da canji a yanayin hankalinsu (matakin farkawa da wayewa), ya kamata su je dakin gaggawa, in ji Dokta Cram. Kuma a sa'an nan da alama za su ƙare a sashin kulawa mai mahimmanci ana kulawa da kwanciyar hankali tare da kulawa ba dare ba rana.

Babu magani ga cutar ta Reye, don haka magani ana nufin kare ƙwaƙwalwa daga ci gaba da lalacewa, ƙoƙarin kawar da lamuran rayuwa da ke haifar da ƙwaƙwalwa, tabbatar da huhu ya ci gaba da aiki ta hanyoyi kamar numfashi ko numfashi, da rage yawan damuwa na jiki wanda zai iya haifar da kamun zuciya.

Kuna iya amfani da iska don sanya mutum tare da cutar ta Reye, wanda zai iya taimakawa tare da kumburin kwakwalwa, in ji Dokta Cram. Hakanan akwai magunguna (kamar su mannitol ko dexamethasone ) zaka iya basu wanda zai iya taimakawa tare da kumburi.

Jiyya na iya taimakawa jinkirin ci gaban cutar ta Reye, kuma ƙananan lamuran da ba sa ci gaba na iya haifar da rikitarwa na dogon lokaci.

Yadda za a hana cututtukan Reye

1. Magunguna don guje wa (ban da asfirin)

Maiyuwa bazai yuwu a hana dukkannin cututtukan Reye's syndrome ba, tunda wasu lokuta basu da alaƙa da asfirin. Koyaya, damar kamuwa da wannan rashin lafiya mai saurin sauka ta ƙasa sosai ta hanyar tabbatar da cewa yara masu kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta ba sa shan wasu magunguna da ke ɗauke da sinadarin acetylsalicylic acid, salicylic acid, acetylsalicylate, ko salicylate. Baya ga asfirin, wannan ya hada da wadannan kwayoyi:

• Alka-Seltzer
• Anacin
• Ascriptin
• Bufferin
• Doan's
• Ecotrin
• Excedrin
• Tsakar Gida
• Maalox
• Pamprin
• Pepto-Bismol

Wannan ba cikakken lissafi bane. Yi magana da mai ba da yaranka ko likitan magunguna don ƙarin bayani. Yana da mahimmanci iyaye da matasa su karanta duk alamomi don magunguna masu cin kasuwa kafin ɗaukar su.

2. Alurar riga kafi

Baya ga guje wa wadancan magungunan, za ka iya rage barazanar da danka ke da shi na kamuwa da kwayar cuta a matakin farko ta hanyar yi wa yaran ka rigakafin dukkan cututtukan da za a iya rigakafin su, amma musamman mura (mura) ko varicella (kaza) saboda wadannan su ne biyu yawancin cututtukan zazzaɓin rigakafin rigakafin rigakafi. Yara suna karɓar allurar rigakafin ƙwayar cuta tun suna shekaru 12 da shekaru 4 kuma ya kamata su karɓi rigakafin mura kowace shekara.

3. Amintattun masu magance ciwo da masu rage zafin jiki

Banda dokar ba-asfirin yara ne da ke da yanayin da ke ba da amsa sosai ga maganin asfirin, kamar cutar Kawasaki. A waɗancan lokuta, ya kamata iyaye su tuntuɓi likita kafin gudanar da kashe-kashe ko magungunan kashe kumburi. Ga sauran yara, acetaminophen (Tylenol) ko ibuprofen (Motrin) koyaushe ana bada shawarar maimakon aspirin, musamman tare da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta.