Magungunan rigakafi na 101: Menene su kuma me yasa muke bukatar su?

Ilimin Kiwon Lafiya

Magungunan rigakafi suna iya zama ɗayan mahimmin tasiri da tasirin binciken likita-sun kawo sauyi kan yadda muke kula da rashin lafiya da kuma ceton rayuka marasa adadi daga kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta.

Yaushe aka ƙirƙira maganin rigakafi?

A shekarar 1928, masanin kimiyya Alexander Fleming ya gano maganin penicillin bisa kuskure lokacin da ya bar al'adun kwayoyin cuta da aka gano yayin da yake hutu, a cewar Microungiyar Microbiology . Wani tsari ya girma a cikin abincinsa na petri, kuma ya kashekwayoyin cuta da yake karatu.

Mantawar Fleming ta haifar da kwayar cuta ta farko da aka kirkiro, ko kuma kwayar cuta mai kashewa, wacce ta ci nasara a Nobel a Kyautar Jiki ko Magunguna , tare da wasu masana kimiyya biyu, a cikin 1945.

Me ake amfani da maganin rigakafi?

Magungunan rigakafi sune magunguna masu ceton rai waɗanda aka tsara don yaƙi da cututtuka ta hanyar kashe ƙwayoyin cuta ko kiyaye shi daga haifuwa, ya bayyana The National Library of Medicine’s MedlinePlus . Duk da yake ana amfani da maganin rigakafi don magance yawancin cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta, ba a buƙatar su-ko tasiri kan-kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta, kamar sanyi ko mura.

Magungunan rigakafi sune magunguna waɗanda ake amfani dasu don taimakawa tsarin rigakafin mai haƙuri don magance cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta, Katie Taylor, Pharm.D., In ji shi. Ta kara da cewa nau'ikan cututtukan kwayar cuta na iya hadawa da cututtukan fitsari, ciwon huhu, da fata da cututtukan nama mai laushi, don kawai kaɗan.

Ta yaya maganin rigakafi ke aiki?

Magungunan rigakafi yana kashe ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta da ke haifar da kamuwa da ku, amma suna barin ƙwayoyin mutum shi kaɗai, ya bayyana Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyyar Halitta a Jami'ar Utah .

Bisa lafazin Littafin Merck , akwai nau'ikan maganin rigakafi da ake samu, kuma kowane nau'in kwayoyin yana aiki akan wasu nau'ikan kwayoyin cuta. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa likitanku ya ba da takamaiman maganin rigakafi don magance ƙwayoyin cuta na musamman. Akwai nau'ikan da yawa, ko azuzuwan, na maganin rigakafi: penicillins, tetracyclines, da nitrofurantoin, don kawai kaɗan.

A cikin waɗannan azuzuwan, akwai samfuran samfu iri-iri.

Daban-daban namaganin rigakafi yana aiki ta hanyoyi daban-daban dangane da nau'in maganin rigakafi da suke, in ji shiAmesh Adalja, MD, likita ne da aka tabbatar da shi a cikin cututtukan da ke yaduwa kuma babban malami a John Hopkins.Misali, maganin penicillin da magungunan rigakafi suna lalata tsarin bangon kwayar halitta, yayin da maganin kashe kuzari kamar ciprofloxacin ke aiwatar da tsarin kwayar DNA.

Hakanan akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan daban-daban na maganin rigakafi. Ana iya ɗaukar su ta baki, amfani da su kai tsaye, ko karɓar azaman allura. Wani muhimmin abu da za a lura da shi shi ne, ba wai kawai wani takamaiman maganin rigakafi ke buƙatar iya kashe wani ƙwayoyin cuta ba, har ma ya isa wurin kamuwa da cutar, in ji Dr. Misali, ba kowane maganin rigakafi bane zai iya shiga cikin kwakwalwa ko zuwa kashi, kuma idan anan ne kamuwa da cutar, zaiyi wahala ayi maganin wannan maganin ta wannan maganin. Kwararren likitanku ya tsara fom ɗin da zai iya amfani da kyau wurin kamuwa da cutar a jikinku.

Har yaushe yana shan maganin rigakafi don aiki?

Magungunan rigakafi suna farawa cikin sauri, aƙalla a matakin ƙwayoyin cuta, in ji Dr. Adalja.Koyaya, ya danganta da girma da tsananin cutar, yana iya ɗaukar awanni ko kwanaki kafin alamun cutar mutum su canza sosai, in ji shi.

Lokacin da alamun ku suka fara inganta, bai kamata ku daina shan takardar sayan ku ba. Yana da mahimmanci a jaddada cewa mai haƙuri yakamata ya ɗauki dukkanin ƙwayoyin rigakafin da likitanku ya umurta don tabbatar da isasshen maganin kamuwa da cuta don kada ya sake dawowa ko haifar da juriya na kwayoyin, Dokta Taylor ya jaddada.

Dangantaka: Menene zai faru idan ba ku gama maganin rigakafi ba?

Ta yaya ƙwayoyin cuta ke zama juriya ga maganin rigakafi?

Maganin rigakafin rigakafi yana faruwa lokacin da kwayoyin cuta suka koyi yadda za su shawo kan kwayoyin da ya kamata su kashe su. Yana faruwa ne lokacin da mutane sukafi amfani da maganin rigakafi. Suna ɗauke su don yanayin da ba ya buƙatar maganin rigakafi, ko kuma sun daina shan maganin rigakafi kafin takardar magani ta ƙare. Dukkanin yanayin sun baiwa kwayoyin cuta damar canzawa.

Antibiotic juriya ne don haka na kowa cewa Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka (CDC) suna la'akari da shi ɗayan rikice-rikicen kiwon lafiyar jama'a cikin gaggawa. Kowace shekara fiye da mutane miliyan 2 suna samun kamuwa da cutar ta rigakafi, kuma aƙalla mutane 23,000 suna mutuwa daga gare ta, a cewar CDC .Cututtukan da ƙwayoyin cuta masu saurin jure kwayoyin ke da wuya, kuma wani lokacin ba zai yuwu ba, don magance su. A mafi yawan lokuta, cututtukan da ke jure wa kwayoyin cuta suna buƙatar tsawan kwana a asibiti, ƙarin ziyarar likita mai zuwa, da tsada da hanyoyin maye, in ji CDC shafin.

Dokta Adalja ya ce yayin da yawan amfani da kwayoyin cuta na iya haifar da juriya na kwayoyin, karfin kwayar cutar ta ci gaba da bijirewa magungunan da aka tsara don kashe shi kuma lamari ne na rayuwa da juyin halitta. Juriyar rigakafin kwayar cuta ta haifar da dalilai daban-daban, amma galibi saboda kwayoyin cutar da ake nunawa ga wani maganin na wani lokaci, kuma kwayoyin suna canzawa (ko ganowa) yadda za a iya dabarun aikin maganin, ya yarda da Dr. Taylor.

Yaushe za a sha maganin rigakafi

Hanya mafi kyau don hana juriya ta kwayoyin cuta ita ce ka guji shan ƙwayoyin cuta lokacin da ba ka buƙata-misali, kar ka sha maganin rigakafi don magance ƙwayoyin cuta. Yi amfani da matakan rigakafi kamar alurar riga kafi da kyawawan halaye na tsabta don guje wa rashin lafiya. Bayan haka, idan kuna buƙatar su, tabbatar cewa kun sha maganin rigakafin ku kamar yadda aka tsara.