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Jerin maganin penicillins: Amfani da shi, samfuran yau da kullun, da kuma bayanan tsaro

Jerin maganin penicillins: Amfani da shi, samfuran yau da kullun, da kuma bayanan tsaroBayanin Magunguna

Penicillin an gano shi ne a cikin 1928 ta Alexander Fleming, wani masanin bioan bioasar Scotland kuma likita. An sanya masa suna ne Fuskar penicillium lokacin da Fleming ya lura cewa kayan kwalan sun nuna kayan antibacterial. Gano maganin penicillin daga baya zai canza duniyar magani a matsayin farkon maganin rigakafi na zamani. A yau, akwai nau'ikan maganin penicillins da yawa da aka samar don magance cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta.





Karanta don ƙarin koyo game da rukunin kwayoyin penicillins, yadda ake amfani da su, da kuma irin illar da za su iya haifarwa.



Jerin maganin penicillins
Sunan suna (suna na gama gari) Matsakaicin farashin tsabar kudi SingleCare farashin Learnara koyo
Amoxil (amoxicillin) $ 23.99 a kowace 20, 250 MG Allunan Samo takardun shaida na amoxicillin Bayanin Amoxicillin
Augmentin (amoxicillin / clavulanate) $ 72.99 a kowace 20, 500-125 MG Allunan Samo takardun shaida amoxicillin / clavulanate Amoxicillin / clavulanate cikakkun bayanai
Unasyn (ampicillin / sulbactam) $ 110.36 ta 16, 3 (2-1) gm an sake gyarawa Samo takardun shaida na ampicillin / sulbactam Ampicillin / sulbactam cikakken bayani
Dycill (dicloxacillin) $ 103.99 a cikin 40, 500 mg capsules Samu takardun shaida dicloxacillin Bayanin Dicloxacillin
Bactocill (oxacillin) $ 104 a cikin 10, 1 gm an sake gyarawa Samo takardun shaida na oxacillin Bayanin Oxacillin
Pen VK (penicillin V potassium) $ 40.67 a kowace 28, 500 MG Allunan Samu penisillin V potassium takardun shaida Penicillin V potassium cikakken bayani
Pfizerpen (penicillin G potassium) $ 47 a cikin 1, 5000000 an sake magance sashi guda ɗaya Samu penisillin G potassium na takardun shaida Penicillin G potassium mai cikakken bayani

Sauran penicillins sun hada da:

  • Pipracil (piperacillin)
  • Zosyn (piperacillin da tazobactam)
  • Timentin (ticarcillin da clavulanate)
  • Ticar (ticarcillin)
  • Geocillin (carbenicillin)
  • Permapen (penicillin G benzathine)
  • Nallpen (nafcillin)
  • Floxapen (flucloxacillin)
  • Natacillin (hetacillin)
  • Mezlin (mezlocillin)

Menene penicillin?

Penicillin na cikin rukuni ne na maganin rigakafi waɗanda aka saba ba su don magance cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta. Penicillins wani ɓangare ne na ajin aji na maganin rigakafi wanda aka sani da beta-lactam maganin rigakafi . Wadannan kwayoyin cuta na dauke da zoben beta-lactam a matsayin wani bangare na tsarin sinadaran su. Penicillins suna da ƙwazo mai ƙarfi na maganin ƙwayoyin cuta a kan nau'o'in ƙwayoyin cuta daban-daban. Ana iya gudanar dasu azaman allunan baka, kawunansu na baka, dakatarwar ruwa, da allurai na ciki (IV).

Yaya penicillin ke aiki?

Penicillin yana aiki ta hanyar toshe damar ƙwayoyin cuta don kula da bangon ƙwayoyin su. Da bangon kwayar cuta muhimmin tsari ne wanda ake kira peptidoglycan wanda ke taimakawa kwayaye su kiyaye su. Ba tare da bangon kwayar su ba, kwayoyin cuta ba za su iya rayuwa ba, wanda ke haifar da fashewa (lysis) da mutuwar kwayar halitta. Saboda suna kashe kwayoyin cuta kai tsaye, ana daukar penicillins a matsayin kwayoyin kashe kwayoyin cuta. Penicillins galibi suna da tasiri a kan ƙwayoyin cuta masu amfani da gram, amma penicillins daban-daban na iya yin niyya ga wasu nau'in ƙwayoyin cuta.

Me ake amfani da maganin penicillin?

Ana amfani da maganin penicillin don magance cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta na kunne, hanci, da maƙogwaro. Hakanan ana amfani dashi don magance cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta na sinuses, fata, ƙananan numfashi, ciki, hanji, ƙodoji, da mafitsara. Penicillin kawai za'a yi amfani dashi don magance cututtukan da kwayoyin cuta ke haifarwa mai saukin kamuwa zuwa penicillins



Penicillin na iya maganin wadannan:

  • Cutar sankarau
  • Ciwon ciki
  • Namoniya
  • Cutar sankara
  • Syphilis

Penicillin na iya yin tasiri kan nau'ikan kwayoyin cuta da suka hada da:

  • Listeria
  • Neisseria
  • Shigella
  • Salmonella
  • Klebsiella
  • E. coli
  • H. mura
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
  • Bacteroides fragilis

Nau'in maganin penicillin

Penicillins na halitta

Penicillins na halitta sun ƙunshi maganin rigakafin G-kamar penicillin G, gami da penicillin V potassium. Wadannan penicillins suna daga cikin magungunan rigakafin farko da aka taba amfani dasu don magance cututtukan kwayoyin cuta. Suna aiki ta hanyar hana kiran bangon kwayar halitta don kashe kwayoyin cuta, kuma suna da tasiri sosai akan ƙwayoyin gram-tabbatacce da wasu ƙwayoyin cuta marasa amfani na gram. Penicillins na halitta sun hada da penicillin G da penicillin V.



Aminopenicillins

Kamar penicillins na halitta, aminopenicillins suna aiki ta hanyar hana kwayar kwayar kwayar halitta kwaya. Koyaya, zasu iya ƙaddamar da mafi yawan nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta; aminopenicillins suna da tasiri a kan mafi yawan kwayoyin gram-tabbatacce, enterococci, da wasu ƙarancin gram-negative, kamar su H. influenzae da E. coli. Aminopenicillins galibi ana haɗe su tare da mai hana beta-lactamase kamar clavulanate ko sulbactam don sanya su yin tasiri. Misalan sun hada da ampicillin, amoxicillin, da hetacillin.

Maɗaukaki-bakan (antipseudomonal) penicillins

-Ananan-bakan, ko antipseudomonal, penicillins rukuni ne na maganin rigakafin penicillin waɗanda suke da aikin antibacterial iri ɗaya da aminopenicillins tare da ƙarin aiki a kan Pseudomonas da wasu nau'o'in nau'ikan Enterobacter da Serratia. Kamar sauran penicillins, yawanci ana shan maganin penicillins na antipseudomonal tare da masu hana beta-lactamase. Yawanci ana ba da maganin penicillin na Antipseudomonal tare da wani rukunin kwayoyin da ake kira aminoglycosides don magance cututtukan da Pseudomonas aeruginosa ya haifar. Misalan penicillins na antipseudomonal sun hada da piperacillin, carbenicillin, ticarcillin, da mezlocillin.

Masu hana Beta-lactamase

Wasu kwayoyin cuta suna samar da beta-lactamase, enzyme wanda ke kashe kwayoyin beta-lactam. Magungunan Beta-lactamase wani nau'in magani ne wanda ke yaƙi da juriyar ƙwayoyin cuta ga magungunan beta-lactam. Gabaɗaya ana haɗa su tare da maganin rigakafin penicillin don hana penicillin ya karye, wanda ke taimakawa haɓaka tasirinsa. Magungunan Beta-lactamase ba su da wani aiki na antibacterial lokacin amfani da su shi kaɗai. Misalan sun hada da clavulanate (ko clavulanic acid), sulbactam, da tazobactam.



Penicillinase mai maganin penicillins

Penicillinase mai maganin penicillinase wani rukuni ne na maganin penicillins wadanda ake amfani da su da farko don magance sinadarin penicillinase mai dauke da sinadarin metphyillin mai saurin cutar Staphylococcus aureus. Hakanan za'a iya amfani dasu don magance Streptococcus pneumoniae da rukuni na A streptococcal cututtukan, da kuma wasu nau'ikan cututtukan staphylococcal masu saurin methicillin. Abubuwa masu juriya na wadannan kwayoyin suna samar da enzyme da ake kira penicillinase, wanda zai iya kashe kwayoyin penicillin. Misalan penicillinase mai jure penicillin sun hada da oxacillin, dicloxacillin, nafcillin, flucloxacillin, da cloxacillin.

Wanene zai iya shan maganin penicillin?

Manya

Ana iya amfani da maganin penicillin don magance cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta ga manya. Sashi ya bambanta dangane da nau'in maganin penicillin da kuma yadda ake amfani da su. A cikin manya, yawancin allurar penicillin yawanci ana auna shi a cikin milligram.



Yara

Penicillin yana daya daga cikin kwayoyi masu amfani da kwayoyi masu yawa a yara. Yawancin cututtukan yara waɗanda suka shafi kunnuwa, hanci, da maƙogwaro yawanci ana magance su tare da maganin rigakafin penicillin. A kusa 10% na yara an gano su da rashin lafiyar maganin penicillin, kodayake yawancin yara da aka gano ba su da gaskiya rashin lafiyan zuwa kwayoyin. Misali, cututtukan ciki na ciki ba a ɗauka rashin lafiyan gaske. A cikin yara, yawanci ana yin lissafin allurar penicillin ta amfani da milligram a kowace kilogram na nauyin jiki.

Shin penicillin yana da lafiya?

Penicillin yana da aminci ga magance cututtukan cututtuka lokacin da aka ba su cikin ƙwayoyi masu dacewa. Babban allurai na maganin penicillin na iya haifar da tsakiya mai guba tsarin guba , wanda zai iya bayyana azaman kamawa. Haɗarin guba na tsarin mai juyayi na iya zama mafi girma ga mutanen da ke da matsalar koda, ko koda.



A cikin al'amuran da ba safai ba, penicillin na iya haifar da halayen anaphylactic. Ya kamata a guji maganin penicillin a cikin mutanen da ke da tarihin yawan jijiyoyin jiki ga maganin penicillin. Kwayar cutar anafilaxis sun hada da kurji, kaikayi, kumburi, da matsalar numfashi. Hanyoyin Anaphylactic suna buƙatar kulawa da gaggawa. Waɗanda ke da tarihin rashin lafiyan maganin penicillin suma ya kamata su guji shan abubuwan da suka hada maganin penicillin, cephalosporins, carbapenems, da kuma maganin rigakafi na monobactam.

A cikin yanayin da madadin wani nau'in kwayar maganin penicillin ba zai dace ba, mai haƙuri na iya shan gwajin fata don tantance kasancewar rashin lafiyar maganin penicillin. Idan gwajin fata ya tabbata, a aiwatar da lalata abubuwa ana iya farawa a hankali ayi amfani da kwayoyin har sai ya zama mai juriya da tasiri.



Penicillin ya tuna

Babu wani maganin penicillin na yanzu wanda ya tuna daga watan Fabrairu 2021.

Restrictionsuntatawa na maganin penicillin

Ba a amfani da maganin penicillin don magance cututtukan da ƙwayoyin cuta ko fungi suka haifar. Don rigakafin juriya, ya kamata a yi amfani da maganin penicillin kawai don magance cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ke saukin kamuwa da maganin penicillin. Ya kamata ayi amfani da maganin penicillin kawai tare da ingantaccen takardar likita daga likita. Magungunan penicillin na iya buƙatar daidaitawa ko ragewa a cikin marasa lafiya masu fama da matsaloli na koda.

Shin za ku iya shan maganin penicillin yayin da kuke ciki ko nono?

Penicillin yana da aminci don amfani yayin ciki da yayin shayarwa. Nazarin cikin dabbobi bai nuna cewa penicillins na da haɗarin haifar da lahani ga ɗan tayi ba. Penicillin G magani ne na rigakafi don hana watsa na syphilis daga uwa tayi. Ya kamata a shawarci mai ba da kiwon lafiya don maganin rigakafin rigakafi a lokacin daukar ciki ko shayarwa.

Shin abubuwan sarrafa penicillins ne?

A'a, penicillin ba abu ne mai sarrafawa ba.

Illolin cututtukan penicillin gama gari

Illolin dake tattare da maganin penicillins sun hada da:

  • Gudawa
  • Ciwan
  • Amai
  • Cutar ciki
  • Ciwon ciki
  • Rushewar fata
  • Itching
  • Kyauta
  • Manyan farare ko baƙi a cikin harshe ko a baki
  • Hanyoyin yanar gizo na allura kamar su redness, itching, da kumburi (lokacin da ake gudanar da maganin ta hanyar hanji)

Babban mummunan tasirin penicillins na iya haɗawa da:

  • Tsarin juyayi na tsakiya mai guba
  • Kumburi a cikin koda
  • Whiteananan ƙarancin ƙwayoyin jini
  • Plateananan matakan platelet
  • Clostridioides mai alaƙa da gudawa

Whitearan ƙwayar ƙwayar jinin jini, ko leukopenia, mummunan sakamako ne na nafcillin. Yawan allurai na maganin penicillin da aka bayar cikin hanji na iya haifar da ƙananan matakan platelet, wanda zai iya ƙara haɗarin zubar da jini.

Penicillin na iya canza haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta na al'ada a cikin hanji kuma ya haifar da haɓakar ƙwayar cuta da ake kira Clostridioides mai wahala (da aka sani da Clostridium mai wahala ). Irin wannan kwayoyin cuta na iya haifar da cututtukan ciki, ko kumburin hanji, da zawo mai tsanani. Kodayake cutar gudawa ta kasance gama-gari tare da maganin rigakafi, ya kamata a tuntuɓi mai ba da kiwon lafiya idan mummunan zawo ya ɓullo bayan amfani da maganin penicillin.

Penicillins kamar ticarcillin da carbenicillin na iya buƙatar kaucewa ko sa ido a cikin marasa lafiya masu fama da matsalolin zuciya ko koda. Wadannan nau'in penicillins na iya haifar da karin matakan sodium a cikin jini.

Nawa ne kudin penicillin?

Yawancin maganin rigakafin penicillin suna samuwa a cikin sifofin iri. Tsarin jigilar maganin rigakafi ya fi rahusa fiye da sunan alama yayin da yake da tasiri iri ɗaya. Hakanan yawancin maganin rigakafi da tsare-tsaren inshora sun rufe rigakafin penicillin. Matsakaicin kuɗin sayar da maganin penicillin V potassium na iya zama kusan $ 40 dangane da sashi da aka tsara.

Marasa lafiya na iya yin tanadi kan maganin rigakafin penicillin ta hanyar shirye-shiryen tanadi iri daban-daban daga masana'antun da magunguna. Rangin katunan ajiya suma suna nan don taimakawa rage farashin maganin rigakafin penicillin.